抽样程序按属性检验第4部分:声明质量等级评定程序

[中文适用范围]： 本文件建立了一致性测试的单一抽样计划，即评估相关审核群体（批次、过程、库存、文件等）的质量水平是否符合声明值。 提供了对应于四个辨别能力级别的抽样计划。 给出了每个抽样方案的极限质量比（LQR）（见第4条）以供参考。 对于 I-III 级，设计了抽样计划，以便获得与正确声明的质量水平相矛盾的风险不超过 5%。 未能反驳与 LQR 相关的错误声明的质量水平的风险不超过 10%。 级别 0 的样本量的设计方式使得抽样计划的 LQR 因子与级别 I 的 LQR 因子兼容。 与 ISO 2859 系列其他部分的程序相比，本文件中的程序是不适用于批次的验收评估。 一般来说，本文件主要侧重于控制I类错误，这与验收抽样程序中的风险平衡不同。 本文件可用于各种形式的质量检验，在需要通过样品检验来提供符合某些声明的质量水平的客观证据的情况下。 这些程序适用于批次、过程输出等允许从实体中随机抽取单个项目样本的实体。 本文件中提供的抽样计划适用于但不限于各种目标的检验，例如： ——成品； ——零部件和原材料； ——运营； ——加工中的材料； ——储存物资； ——维护作业； ——数据或记录； ——行政程序； ——会计程序或会计分录； ——内部控制程序。 本文档考虑了离散项目和总体的两种类型的质量模型，如下所示。 i) 合格-不合格模型，其中每个项目被分类为合格或不合格，并且项目总体的质量指标是不合格项目的比例 p，或者等效地，不合格项目的百分比 100 p。  ii) 不合格模型，其中对每个项目的不合格数量进行计数，并且项目总体的质量指标是在总体中的项目上发现的不合格的平均数量 λ，或者相当于百分比 100总体中项目的不合格项的 λ。 [外文原描述]： This document establishes single sampling plans for conformance testing, i.e., for assessing whether the quality level of a relevant audit population (lot, process, inventory, file etc) conforms to a declared value. Sampling plans are provided corresponding to four levels of discriminatory ability. The limiting quality ratio (LQR) (see Clause 4) of each sampling plan is given for reference. For levels I-III, the sampling plans have been devised so as to obtain a risk no more than 5 % of contradicting a correct declared quality level. The risk of failing to contradict an incorrectly declared quality level which is related to the LQR is no more than 10 %. The sample sizes for level 0 are designed in a way that the LQR factors of the sampling plans are compatible with the LQR factors for level I. In contrast to the procedures in the other parts of the ISO 2859 series, the procedures in this document are not applicable to acceptance assessment of lots. Generally, this document mainly focuses on controlling type I error, which differs from the balancing of the risks in the procedures for acceptance sampling. This document can be used for various forms of quality inspection in situations where objective evidence of conformity to some declared quality level is to be provided by means of inspection of a sample. The procedures are applicable to entities such as lots, process output, etc. that allow random samples of individual items to be taken from the entity. The sampling plans provided in this document are applicable, but not limited, to the inspection of a variety of targets such as: — end items; — components and raw materials; — operations; — materials in process; — supplies in storage; — maintenance operations; — data or records; — administrative procedures; — accounting procedures or accounting entries; — internal control procedures. This document considers two types of quality models for discrete items and populations, as follows. i) The conforming-nonconforming model, where each item is classified as conforming or nonconforming, and where the quality indicator of a population of items is the proportion p of nonconforming items, or, equivalently, the percentage 100 p of nonconforming items. ii) The nonconformities model, where the number of nonconformities is counted on each item, and where the quality indicator of a population of items is the average number λ of nonconformities found on items in the population, or, equivalently, the percentage 100 λ of nonconformities on items in the population.