空气质量.环境气象学.第1部分:运用激光雷达进行可视范围的地基遥感

[中文适用范围]： ISO 28902 的本部分主要规定了为确定方向相关气象光学距离 (MOR) 而进行视距激光雷达测量的要求。ISO 28902 的本部分使用术语“视距激光雷达”来指进行视距测量（通常称为“能见度测量”）的激光雷达系统。由于物理近似，定量测定仅限于 30 m 至 2000 m 之间的气象光学距离。对于此范围，ISO 28902 的本部分规定了采用基于光消光的距离积分视距测量方法的视距激光雷达系统的性能。可根据方向相关气象光学距离计算以下参数：a) 水平视距；b) 垂直视距；c) 斜视距。注：能见度的测量与能见度的历史定义密切相关，而能见度与人类观察者有关。激光雷达技术将定义扩展到各种条件，例如白天和夜间条件。此外，由于水蒸气和/或气溶胶对信号的衰减，该测量原理使用户能够检索云底高度、边界层深度、雾层和气溶胶剖面的信息。这些应用的示例在附录 C 中给出。ISO 28902 的这一部分可应用于以下领域： — 气象站； — 机场； — 港口； — 水道； — 道路和高速公路； — 汽车； — 石油平台。 [外文原描述]： This part of ISO 28902 mainly specifies the requirements in order to perform visual range lidar measurements for the determination of direction-dependent meteorological optical range (MOR). The term "visual-range lidar" is used in this part of ISO 28902 to apply to the lidar systems making visual-range measurements, commonly referred to as "visibility measurements". Due to physical approximations, quantitative determination is limited to a meteorological optical range of between 30 m and 2 000 m. For this range, this part of ISO 28902 specifies the performance of visual-range lidar systems utilizing the method of range‑integrated visual-range measurements based on light extinction. The following parameters can be calculated based on the directiondependent meteorological optical range: a) horizontal visual range; b) vertical visual range; c) slant visual range. NOTE The measures for visibility are strongly related to the historical definitions of visibility, which are related to human observers. The lidar technique extends the definitions to various conditions, such as daylight and night-time conditions. In addition, this measurement principle enables the user to retrieve information on cloud base height, boundary layer depth, fog banks and aerosol profiles due to the signal attenuation by water vapour and/or aerosols. Examples of these applications are given in Annex C. This part of ISO 28902 can be applied in the following areas: — meteorological stations; — airports; — harbours; — waterways; — roads and motorways; — automotive; — oil platforms.