紧固件耐腐蚀不锈钢紧固件的机械性能第1部分:规定等级和性能等级的螺栓、螺钉和螺柱

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了在 10 °C 至 35 °C 环境温度范围内测试时由耐腐蚀不锈钢制成的螺栓、螺钉和螺柱（粗螺距和细螺距螺纹）的机械和物理性能。它规定了与紧固件的奥氏体、马氏体、铁素体和双相（奥氏体-铁素体）钢种相关的性能等级。当将螺栓、螺钉和螺柱一起考虑时，本文件中使用术语“紧固件”。它们的性能。符合本文件要求的紧固件在第 1 段规定的环境温度下进行评估。它们可能无法在高温和/或低温下保持规定的机械和物理性能。注 1 符合本文件要求的紧固件在 –20 °C 至 +150 °C 的应用中不受限制；但是，符合本文件的紧固件也可用于此范围之外的低至 –196 °C 和高至 +300 °C 的应用。有关更多详细信息，请参阅附录 A 和 ISO 3506-6。在 –20 °C 至 +150 °C 的温度范围之外，用户有责任咨询经验丰富的紧固件冶金学家，并考虑不锈钢成分、高温或低温暴露时间、温度对紧固件机械性能和夹紧部件的影响以及螺栓连接的腐蚀性使用环境等因素，根据给定应用确定适当的选择。注 2 ISO 3506-5 的制定是为了帮助选择适合在高达 +800 °C 的温度下使用的不锈钢等级和性能等级。本文件适用于螺栓、螺钉和螺柱： — 符合 ISO 68-1 的 ISO 公制螺纹， — 符合 ISO 261 和 ISO 262 的直径/螺距组合， — 粗牙螺纹 M1.6 至 M39，细牙螺纹 M8×1 至 M39×3， — 螺纹公差符合 ISO 965-1 和 ISO 965-2， — 具有指定的性能等级，以及 — 任何形状。不锈钢等级和性能等级可用于本文件直径限制以外的尺寸（即 d < 1.6 mm 或 d > 39 mm），前提是满足所有适用的化学、机械和物理要求。  某些螺栓、螺钉和螺柱可能由于其头部或无螺纹杆部的几何形状而无法满足本文件的拉伸或扭转要求，从而导致负载能力降低（例如，当头部的剪切面积小于螺纹的应力面积时；参见 8.2.2）。本文件不适用于未承受拉伸应力的紧定螺钉和类似螺纹紧固件（参见 ISO 3506-3）。它没有规定功能特性的要求，例如： — 扭矩/夹紧力特性， — 剪切强度， — 抗疲劳性，或 — 可焊性。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies the mechanical and physical properties of bolts, screws and studs, with coarse pitch thread and fine pitch thread, made of corrosion-resistant stainless steels, when tested at the ambient temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C. It specifies property classes in relation to austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steel grades for fasteners. The term "fasteners" is used in this document when bolts, screws and studs are considered all together. ISO 3506‑6 provides general rules and additional technical information on suitable stainless steels and their properties. Fasteners conforming to the requirements of this document are evaluated at the ambient temperature specified in paragraph 1. It is possible that they do not retain the specified mechanical and physical properties at elevated and/or lower temperatures. NOTE 1 Fasteners conforming to the requirements of this document are used without restriction in applications ranging from ?20 °C to +150 °C; however, fasteners conforming to this document are also used for applications outside this range down to ?196 °C and up to +300 °C. For more details, see Annex A and ISO 3506‑6. Outside the temperature range of ?20 °C to +150 °C, it is the responsibility of the user to determine the appropriate choice for a given application in consultation with an experienced fastener metallurgist and by taking into account e.g. stainless steel composition, duration of exposure at elevated or low temperature, the effect of the temperature on the fasteners mechanical properties and clamped parts, and the corrosive service environment of the bolted joint. NOTE 2 ISO 3506‑5 is developed in order to assist in the selection of appropriate stainless steel grades and property classes intended for use at temperatures up to +800 °C. This document applies to bolts, screws and studs: — with ISO metric thread in accordance with ISO 68‑1, — with diameter/pitch combinations in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262, — with coarse pitch thread M1,6 to M39, and fine pitch thread M8×1 to M39×3, — with thread tolerances in accordance with ISO 965‑1 and ISO 965‑2, — with specified property classes, and — of any shape. Stainless steel grades and property classes can be used for sizes outside the diameter limits of this document (i.e. for d < 1,6 mm or d > 39 mm), provided that all applicable chemical, mechanical and physical requirements are met. Certain bolts, screws and studs might not fulfil the tensile or torsional requirements of this document because of the geometry of their head or unthreaded shank, thus resulting in reduced loadability (e.g. when shear area in the head is less than the stress area in the thread; see 8.2.2). This document does not apply to set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under tensile stress (see ISO 3506‑3). It does not specify requirements for functional properties such as: — torque/clamp force properties, — shear strength, — fatigue resistance, or — weldability.