石油和天然气工业.北极作业.结冰管理

[中文适用范围]： 本文件从规划、工程、实施和文件的角度为北极和寒冷地区的冰管理（IM）制定了原则、规定了要求并提供了指导。 本文件中提到的北极和寒冷地区被认为包括北极和其他以低环境温度、海冰、冰山和结冰条件为特征的地区。 这些地区往往地处偏远，缺乏海洋和通信基础设施。 本文件涵盖支持以下冰内活动和基础设施的冰管理： ——浮式系泊和/或动态定位钻井船、取芯船、生产设施和修井船； ——施工和安装（包括挖沟、疏浚、管道铺设）； ——油轮装载和其他卸载作业； ——保护海底结构和设备； ——地震作业； ——溢油响应； ——底部基础结构（固定平台和可移动结构，包括自升式平台）。 本文件也适用于动员、复员和建设支持服务，因为这些服务可能会受到冰况的影响。 鉴于北极和寒冷地区可能进行的海上作业范围广泛，本文件提供了指南，但没有提出现场作业的典型冰管理计划。 除给出的原则外，本文件不提供与冰管理中使用的结构、系统和组件的设计有关的要求、建议或指导。 本文件没有提供 ISO 19906 涵盖的冰载荷的具体公式。 本文件不适用于沿海港口作业以及进行过境或护航作业的商业贸易船舶。 [外文原描述]： This document establishes the principles, specifies the requirements and provides guidance for ice management (IM) in arctic and cold regions, from the point of view of planning, engineering, implementation and documentation. Reference to arctic and cold regions in this document is deemed to include both the Arctic and other regions characterized by low ambient temperatures, sea ice, icebergs and icing conditions. These regions are often remote and lacking in marine and communications infrastructure. Ice management to support the following in-ice activities and infrastructures are covered by this document: — floating moored and/or dynamically positioned drilling vessels, coring vessels, production facilities and work-over vessels; — construction and installation (includes trenching, dredging, pipe laying); — tanker loading and other offloading operations; — protecting subsea structures and equipment; — seismic operations; — oil spill response; — bottom founded structures (fixed platforms and movable structures, including jack-ups). This document also applies to mobilization, demobilization and construction support services, because these can be affected by ice conditions. In view of the wide range of possible offshore operations in arctic and cold regions, this document provides guidelines, but does not present typical ice management plans for field operations. This document does not provide requirements, recommendations or guidance pertaining to the design of structures, systems and components used in ice management, beyond the principles given. This document does not provide specific formulations for ice loads, which are covered by ISO 19906. This document is not applicable to coastal port operations and to commercial trading vessels conducting transit or convoy operations.