放射防护 - X和γ参考辐射 用于校准剂量计和剂量计 并用于确定其作为光子能量的函数的响应 - 第2部分:辐射保护剂量范围为8keV至1,3MeV和4MeV至9 MeV

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了用于校准辐射防护仪器的 X 和伽马参考辐射剂量测定程序，能量范围约为 8 keV 至 1.3 MeV 和 4 MeV 至 9 MeV，空气比释动能率高于 1 µGy/h。考虑的测量量是空气中自由比释动能 Ka 和国际辐射单位和测量委员会 (ICRU)[2] 的体模相关操作量 H*(10)、Hp(10)、H'(3)、Hp(3)、H'(0,07) 和 Hp(0,07)，以及相应的剂量率。本文件中给出了生产方法，也可用于 ISO 4037-1:2019 附件 A、B 和 C 中规定的辐射质量，但这并不意味着这些附件中描述的辐射质量校准证书符合 ISO 4037 的要求。本文件中给出的要求和方法针对的是参考场中模体相关操作量的剂量（率）总体不确定度（k = 2）约为 6% 至 10%。为了实现这一点，ISO 4037-1 中提出了两种参考场的生产方法。第一种方法是生产“匹配参考场”，它非常严格地遵循要求，可以使用推荐的转换系数。与标称参考场相比，“匹配参考场”的光谱分布仅存在微小差异，这通过本文件中给出和描述的程序进行验证。对于匹配的参考辐射场，ISO 4037-3 仅针对源和剂量计之间的指定距离（例如 1.0 m 和 2.5 m）给出了推荐的转换系数。对于其他距离，用户必须决定是否可以使用这些转换系数。第二种方法是生成“特征参考场”。这可以通过使用光谱法确定转换系数来完成，也可以使用二级标准剂量计直接测量所需值。此方法适用于任何辐射质量、任何测量量，如果适用，还适用于任何模型和辐射入射角。只要空气比释动能率不低于 1 µGy/h，就可以确定任何距离的转换系数。这两种方法都需要参考场的带电粒子平衡。然而，在剂量计需要校准的工作场所场中，这并不总是建立的。对于在参考深度 d 处没有固有带电粒子平衡的光子能量，情况尤其如此，这取决于能量和参考深度 d 的实际组合。能量高于 65 keV、0.75 MeV 和 2.1 MeV 的电子分别只能穿透 0.07 毫米、3 毫米和 10 毫米的 ICRU 组织，并且光子能量高于这些值的辐射质量被视为在这些深度定义的量中没有固有带电粒子平衡的辐射质量。本文件不适用于脉冲参考场的剂量测定。  [外文原描述]： This document specifies the procedures for the dosimetry of X and gamma reference radiation for the calibration of radiation protection instruments over the energy range from approximately 8 keV to 1,3 MeV and from 4 MeV to 9 MeV and for air kerma rates above 1 µGy/h. The considered measuring quantities are the air kerma free-in-air, Ka, and the phantom related operational quantities of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)[2], H*(10), Hp(10), H'(3), Hp(3), H'(0,07) and Hp(0,07), together with the respective dose rates. The methods of production are given in ISO 4037-1. This document can also be used for the radiation qualities specified in ISO 4037-1:2019, Annexes A, B and C, but this does not mean that a calibration certificate for radiation qualities described in these annexes is in conformity with the requirements of ISO 4037. The requirements and methods given in this document are targeted at an overall uncertainty (k = 2) of the dose(rate) of about 6 % to 10 % for the phantom related operational quantities in the reference fields. To achieve this, two production methods of the reference fields are proposed in ISO 4037-1. The first is to produce "matched reference fields", which follow the requirements so closely that recommended conversion coefficients can be used. The existence of only a small difference in the spectral distribution of the "matched reference field" compared to the nominal reference field is validated by procedures, which are given and described in detail in this document. For matched reference radiation fields, recommended conversion coefficients are given in ISO 4037-3 only for specified distances between source and dosemeter, e.g., 1,0 m and 2,5 m. For other distances, the user has to decide if these conversion coefficients can be used. The second method is to produce "characterized reference fields". Either this is done by determining the conversion coefficients using spectrometry, or the required value is measured directly using secondary standard dosimeters. This method applies to any radiation quality, for any measuring quantity and, if applicable, for any phantom and angle of radiation incidence. The conversion coefficients can be determined for any distance, provided the air kerma rate is not below 1 µGy/h. Both methods require charged particle equilibrium for the reference field. However this is not always established in the workplace field for which the dosemeter shall be calibrated. This is especially true at photon energies without inherent charged particle equilibrium at the reference depth d, which depends on the actual combination of energy and reference depth d. Electrons of energies above 65 keV, 0,75 MeV and 2,1 MeV can just penetrate 0,07 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm of ICRU tissue, respectively, and the radiation qualities with photon energies above these values are considered as radiation qualities without inherent charged particle equilibrium for the quantities defined at these depths. This document is not applicable for the dosimetry of pulsed reference fields.