辐射防护.校准剂量计和剂量率计并确定其作为光子能量函数响应的X和γ参考辐射.第3部分:面积和个人剂量计的校准及其作为能量和入射角函数响应的测量

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了辐射防护中用于个人和区域监测的剂量计和剂量率计校准的附加程序和数据。 校准和确定辐射防护剂量（率）计响应的一般程序是使用 ISO 4037-1 中规定的 8 keV 至 9 MeV 之间的平均能量来描述的。 附件 D 中给出了有关参考条件、所需标准测试条件以及与电子射程相关的影响的一些附加信息。 对于个人监测，涵盖全身和四肢剂量计；对于区域监测，涵盖便携式和安装剂量（率）计。 参考场需要带电粒子平衡，尽管在需要校准剂量计的工作场所场中并不总是建立带电粒子平衡。 对于参考深度 d 处没有固有带电粒子平衡的光子能量尤其如此，这取决于能量和参考深度 d 的实际组合。 能量高于 65 keV、0.75 MeV 和 2,1 MeV 的电子只能分别穿透 0.07 mm、3 mm 和 10 mm 的 ICRU 组织，光子能量高于这些值的辐射质量被视为辐射质量对于在这些深度定义的量没有固有的带电粒子平衡。 该文件还涉及确定作为光子能量和辐射入射角的函数的响应。 这种测量可以代表型式试验的一部分，在型式试验过程中检查进一步影响量对响应的影响。 本文件仅适用于空气比释动速率高于 1 µGy/h。 本文件不包括固定安装区域剂量计的现场校准。 描述了不同类型剂量计应遵循的程序。 对要使用的体模和要应用的转换系数给出了建议。 推荐的换算系数仅针对匹配的参考辐射场给出，这些参考辐射场在辐射、放射性核素 241Am、S-Am 的伽马辐射中指定，对此没有详细的公开信息。 ISO 4037-1:2019 附录 C 给出了额外的 X 辐射场，由质量指数指定。 对于所有这些辐射质量，附件 A 至 C 中给出了转换系数，但仅作为粗略估计，因为这些转换系数在实际参考辐射场中的总体不确定性未知。 注：术语剂量计用作通用术语，表示用于个人或区域监测的任何剂量或剂量率计。  [外文原描述]： This document specifies additional procedures and data for the calibration of dosemeters and doserate meters used for individual and area monitoring in radiation protection. The general procedure for the calibration and the determination of the response of radiation protection dose(rate)meters is described in ISO 29661 and is followed as far as possible. For this purpose, the photon reference radiation fields with mean energies between 8 keV and 9 MeV, as specified in ISO 4037-1, are used. In Annex D some additional information on reference conditions, required standard test conditions and effects associated with electron ranges are given. For individual monitoring, both whole body and extremity dosemeters are covered and for area monitoring, both portable and installed dose(rate)meters are covered. Charged particle equilibrium is needed for the reference fields although this is not always established in the workplace fields for which the dosemeter should be calibrated. This is especially true at photon energies without inherent charged particle equilibrium at the reference depth d, which depends on the actual combination of energy and reference depth d. Electrons of energies above 65 keV, 0,75 MeV and 2,1 MeV can just penetrate 0,07 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm of ICRU tissue, respectively, and the radiation qualities with photon energies above these values are considered as radiation qualities without inherent charged particle equilibrium for the quantities defined at these depths. This document also deals with the determination of the response as a function of photon energy and angle of radiation incidence. Such measurements can represent part of a type test in the course of which the effect of further influence quantities on the response is examined. This document is only applicable for air kerma rates above 1 µGy/h. This document does not cover the in-situ calibration of fixed installed area dosemeters. The procedures to be followed for the different types of dosemeters are described. Recommendations are given on the phantom to be used and on the conversion coefficients to be applied. Recommended conversion coefficients are only given for matched reference radiation fields, which are specified in ISO 4037-1:2019, Clauses 4 to 6. ISO 4037‑1:2019, Annexes A and B, both informative, include fluorescent radiations, the gamma radiation of the radionuclide 241Am, S-Am, for which detailed published information is not available. ISO 4037-1:2019, Annex C, gives additional X radiation fields, which are specified by the quality index. For all these radiation qualities, conversion coefficients are given in Annexes A to C, but only as a rough estimate as the overall uncertainty of these conversion coefficients in practical reference radiation fields is not known. NOTE The term dosemeter is used as a generic term denoting any dose or doserate meter for individual or area monitoring.