水质.钚-231.使用ICP-MS的试验方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定\({ }^{231} \mathrm{~Pa}\)的方法。由此获得的质量浓度可以转换为活度浓度。本文所述方法适用于饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水、海水以及冷却水、工业用水、生活用水和工业废水的测试样品，在适当的采样和处理后进行测试样品制备。检出限取决于样品体积、使用的仪器、背景计数率、检测效率和化学产率。在本文件中，使用现有设备的方法的检出限约为\(0,1 \mathrm{~Bq} \cdot \mathrm{l}^{-1}\)（或\(\mathrm{Bq} \cdot \mathrm{kg}^{-1}\)），与世卫组织制定的安全饮用水消费标准相同\(\left(0,1 \mathrm{~Bq} \cdot \mathrm{l}^{-1}\right)^{}\).本文所述方法涵盖了在活度浓度为\(0,1 \mathrm{~Bq} \cdot \mathrm{l}^{-1}{ }_{-}\)至\(100 \mathrm{~Bq} \cdot \mathrm{l}^{-1}\)范围内对\({ }^{231} \mathrm{~Pa}\)的测量。如果进行稀释，可以测量活度浓度超过\(100 \mathrm{~Bq} \cdot \mathrm{l}^{-1} \mathrm{can}\)的样品。本文所述方法在紧急情况下适用。\(\textbf{\textit{\textcolor{red}{测试样品过滤}}\)是本文件所述方法的必要步骤。\(\textbf{\textit{\textcolor{red}{测试中吸附在悬浮物质上的}}\)\({ }^{231} \mathrm{~Pa}\)的分析未包含在本方法范围内。\(\textbf{\textit{\textcolor{red}{不溶性部分的分析}}\)需要一个矿化步骤，该步骤不在本文档范围之内。在这种情况下，在获得的不同相上进行测量。\(\textbf{\textit{\textcolor{red}{确保测试方法的有效性}}\)是用户的责任。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a method to determine 231 Pa by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mass concentrations obtained can be converted into activity concentrations. The method described in this document is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial wastewater after proper sampling and handling and test sample preparation. The limit of detection depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical yield. In this document, the limit of detection of the method using currently available apparatus is approximately 0,1 Bq·l −1 (or Bq·kg −1 ), which is the same as the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (0,1 Bq·l −1 ) [ 4 ] . The method described in this document covers the measurement of 231 Pa in water at activity concentrations between 0,1 Bq·l −1 and 100 Bq·l −1 . Samples with higher activity concentrations than 100 Bq·l −1 can be measured if a dilution is performed. The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency. Filtration of the test sample is necessary for the method described in this document. The analysis of 231 Pa adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. The analysis of the insoluble fraction requires a mineralization step that is not covered by this document. In this case, the measurement is made on the different phases obtained. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.