标准摘要
[中文适用范围]: 本文件规定了四种测定平面上硫化或热塑性橡胶硬度的方法(标准硬度法)和四种测定曲面表观硬度的方法(表观硬度法)。 硬度以国际橡胶硬度(IRHD)表示。 这些方法涵盖的硬度范围为 10 IRHD 至 100 IRHD。 这些方法的主要区别在于压入球的直径和压入力的大小,这些被选择以适合特定的应用。 每种方法的适用范围如图 1 所示。 本文件没有规定采用袖珍硬度计测定硬度的方法,该方法在 ISO 48-5 中进行了描述。 本标准规定了以下四种标准硬度的测定方法。 — 方法 N(正常测试)适用于硬度在 35 IRHD 至 85 IRHD 范围内的橡胶,但也可用于硬度在 30 IRHD 至 95 IRHD 范围内的橡胶。 — 方法 H(高硬度测试)适用于硬度在 85 IRHD 至 100 IRHD 范围内的橡胶。 — 方法 L(低硬度测试)适用于硬度在 10 IRHD 至 35 IRHD 范围内的橡胶。 — 方法 M(微观测试)本质上是正常测试方法 N 的缩小版本,允许测试更薄和更小的测试件。 它适用于硬度在 35 IRHD 至 85 IRHD 范围内的橡胶,但也可用于硬度在 30 IRHD 至 95 IRHD 范围内的橡胶。 注 1:在 85 IRHD 至 95 IRHD 和 30 IRHD 至 35 IRHD 范围内,通过方法 N 获得的硬度值可能与分别使用方法 H 或方法 L 获得的硬度值不完全一致。 出于技术目的,这种差异通常并不显着。 注 2:由于橡胶的各种表面效应以及轻微表面粗糙度的可能性(例如,通过抛光产生),微观测试可能并不总是给出与正常测试获得的结果一致的结果。 1 本文件还规定了CN、CH、CL和CM四种测定曲面表观硬度的方法。 这些方法分别是方法 N、H、L 和 M 的修改,当测试的橡胶表面是弯曲的时使用,这种情况有两种可能: a) 测试的试件或产品对于硬度计来说足够大依靠它; b) 测试的试件或产品足够小,可以将试件和仪器放置在共同的支架上。 b) 的一个变体是测试件放置在仪器的支撑表面上。 也可以使用方法 N、H、L 和 M 在非标准平面试件上测量表观硬度。 所描述的程序不能提供试件的所有可能形状和尺寸,但涵盖了一些最常见的类型,例如 O-戒指。 本文件没有规定包胶辊表观硬度的测定,其规定在ISO 48-6、ISO 48-7和ISO 48-8中。 主要 X 硬度 (IRHD) 方法 L 和方法 CL。 b 方法 N 和 M 以及方法 CN 和 CM。 c 方法 H 和方法 CH。 图 1——适用范围 [外文原描述]: This document specifies four methods for the determination of the hardness of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers on flat surfaces (standard-hardness methods) and four methods for the determination of the apparent hardness of curved surfaces (apparent-hardness methods). The hardness is expressed in international rubber hardness degrees (IRHD). The methods cover the hardness range from 10 IRHD to 100 IRHD. These methods differ primarily in the diameter of the indenting ball and the magnitude of the indenting force, these being chosen to suit the particular application. The range of applicability of each method is indicated in Figure 1. This document does not specify a method for the determination of hardness by a pocket hardness meter, which is described in ISO 48-5. This document specifies the following four methods for the determination of standard hardness. — Method N (normal test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 35 IRHD to 85 IRHD, but can also be used for hardnesses in the range 30 IRHD to 95 IRHD. — Method H (high-hardness test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 85 IRHD to 100 IRHD. — Method L (low-hardness test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 10 IRHD to 35 IRHD. — Method M (microtest) is essentially a scaled-down version of the normal test method N, permitting the testing of thinner and smaller test pieces. It is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 35 IRHD to 85 IRHD, but can also be used for hardnesses in the range 30 IRHD to 95 IRHD. NOTE 1 The value of the hardness obtained by method N within the ranges 85 IRHD to 95 IRHD and 30 IRHD to 35 IRHD might not agree precisely with that obtained using method H or method L, respectively. The difference is not normally significant for technical purposes. NOTE 2 Because of various surface effects in the rubber and the possibility of slight surface roughness (produced, for example, by buffing), the microtest might not always give results agreeing with those obtained by the normal test. This document also specifies four methods, CN, CH, CL and CM, for the determination of the apparent hardness of curved surfaces. These methods are modifications of methods N, H, L and M, respectively, and are used when the rubber surface tested is curved, in which case there are two possibilities: a) the test piece or product tested is large enough for the hardness instrument to rest upon it; b) the test piece or product tested is small enough for both the test piece and the instrument to rest upon a common support. A variant of b) would be where the test piece rests upon the support surface of the instrument. Apparent hardness can also be measured on non-standard flat test pieces using methods N, H, L and M. The procedures described cannot provide for all possible shapes and dimensions of test piece, but cover some of the commonest types, such as O-rings.
英文名称Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD