声学. 响度的计算方法. 第1部分: Zwicker法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了两种估计耳科正常人在特定听力条件下感知到的声音响度和响度级别的方法。 第一种方法适用于静止声音，第二种方法适用于任意非静止（随时间变化）的声音，包括作为特殊情况的静止声音。 这些方法可以应用于使用麦克风记录为单通道测量的任何声音，或多通道测量，例如通过头部和躯干模拟器（参见附件D）。 由于最重要的技术声音是随时间变化的，因此随时间变化的响度模型更可取。 这些方法基于 Zwicker 算法。 [14]出于连续性的原因提供了静态声音的方法，并且还提供了使用测量的三分之一倍频程电平作为输入。 针对任意声音的更通用的方法是通过应用与人类听觉系统的生理和心理特征直接相关的信号处理模型，基于测量的时间信号来计算特定响度模式。 响度是根据特定响度模式计算的。 事实证明，该方法与使用合成和技术声音的许多响度实验的结果具有良好的匹配性。 该方法的全自动应用不需要关于声音属性（例如宽带或窄带噪声、音调内容）的先验知识，也不需要用户交互。 对声音事件有害影响的评估不属于本文件的范围。 [外文原描述]： ISO 532-1:2017 specifies two methods for estimating the loudness and loudness level of sounds as perceived by otologically normal persons under specific listening conditions. The first method is intended for stationary sounds and the second method for arbitrary non-stationary (time-varying) sounds, including stationary sounds as a special case. The methods can be applied to any sound recorded as single-channel measurements using a microphone, or as multi-channel measurements, for example by means of a head and torso simulator (see Annex D). Since most important technical sounds are time-varying, a model of time-varying loudness is preferable. The methods are based on the Zwicker algorithm. [ 14 ] The method for stationary sounds is provided for reasons of continuity and also offers the use of measured one-third-octave-band levels as input. The more general method for arbitrary sounds calculates the specific loudness pattern based on measured time signals by applying a signal processing model that is directly related to physiological and psychological characteristics of the human hearing system. Loudness is calculated from the specific loudness pattern. It has been shown that this method provides a good match to the results of many loudness experiments using synthetic and technical sounds. No prior knowledge about the properties of the sound (e.g. broadband or narrowband noise, tonal content) and no user interactions are required for the fully automated application of the method. The evaluation of the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of ISO 532-1:2017.