水质.采样.第16部分:水样生物试验方法指南

[中文适用范围]： 此文件提供了关于在生物测试背景下对环境样品进行采样、预处理、执行和评估的实用指导。文中介绍了如何应对外源性和样品本身引起的生物测试问题，以及如何设计测试方案。该指导旨在传达关于采样和预处理环境样品（如废水）进行生物测试时预防措施的实际经验，描述已证明可解决或规避实验问题的方法。主要涉及物质相关的问题，包括环境样品（如废水）的采样和预处理，以进行生物测试。该指导涉及使用生物体（单物种生物测试；活体和体外）的生态毒性测试。文件中涉及的一些特征也适用于使用单细胞系统（体外生物测定）的生物测试和生物降解研究，只要涉及采样和样品制备。还涉及水溶性范围内的物质测试。参考了现有的国际标准和相关指南。本文适用于确定环境样品（如处理过的生活和工业废水、地下水、淡水、水浸出液（如浸出液、淋滤液）、沉积物孔隙水和整个沉积物）对水生生物影响的生物测试。本文件也适用于化学物质的测试。本文件不适用于水的细菌学检查。水的细菌学检查的适当方法在其他文件中描述（见ISO 19458[17]）。 [外文原描述]： ISO 5667-16:2017 gives practical guidance on sampling, pre-treatment, performance and evaluation of environmental samples in the context of performing biological tests. Information is given on how to cope with the problems of biotesting arising from the sample and the suitability of the test design. It is intended to convey practical experience concerning precautions to be taken by describing methods successfully proven to solve or to circumvent some of the experimental problems of biotesting of, for example, waters. Primarily dealt with are substance-related problems concerning sampling and pre-treatment of environmental samples (e.g. waste water samples) for the performance of biotests. This guidance is on ecotoxicological testing with organisms (single-species biotests; in vivo and in vitro ). Some features addressed in this document also apply to biotests using single-cell systems ( in vitro bioassays) and biodegradation studies as far as sampling and sample preparations are concerned. Testing of substances in the water solubility range is also addressed. Reference has been made as far as possible to existing International Standards and guidelines. Information taken from published papers or oral communication has been utilized as well. ISO 5667-16:2017 is applicable to biological tests for determining the effect of environmental samples like treated communal and industrial waste water, groundwater, fresh water, aqueous extracts (e.g. leachates, eluates), pore water of sediments and whole sediments. This document is also applicable to chemical substances. ISO 5667-16:2017 is not applicable to bacteriological examination of water. Appropriate methods for bacteriological examination are described in other documents (see ISO 19458 [ 17 ] ).