机械振动和冲击 - 在全身振动下表征人体生物动力响应的理想值范围

[中文适用范围]： 本文件描述了表观质量模量和相位的理想化值范围，适用于有或没有靠背支撑的坐姿个体，经受 x、y 和 z 轴正弦或宽带随机振动，以及站立个体经受 z 振动特定实验条件下的轴正弦或宽带随机振动。 此外，本文件还描述了适用于没有靠背支撑、承受 z 轴正弦或宽带随机振动的坐姿个体的座椅到头部传递模量和相位的理想化值范围。 本文件中定义的理想值范围被认为对于坐在刚性座椅上（或仅站在 z 轴的刚性平台上）且双脚受到支撑和振动的受试者有效。 理想化的座椅到头部的传递率值的范围被认为也适用于脚自由悬挂的情况。 对于坐着的承受正弦或宽带随机振动的个体，表观质量值是在 x 轴和 y 轴的 0.5 Hz 至 10 Hz 频率范围内定义的，在 0.5 Hz 的频率范围内定义的。 z 轴为 Hz 至 20 Hz。 振动的频率和振幅特性落在驾驶农用拖拉机、土方机械和叉车等车辆时大多数振动暴露可能占主导地位的范围内。 鉴于缺乏有关最有可能与汽车驾驶相关的姿势和振动激励水平的条件的有意义的数据库，本文件不涵盖在汽车上的应用。 对于所考虑的每个生物动力学响应函数，在每个频率处定义的模量和相位的上限和下限代表最可能或理想化值的范围。 中间值代表人类数据的总体加权平均值，并定义一般应用的目标值。 此类应用可能涉及开发用于实验室座椅测试的机械模拟，或开发将身体表示为刚性质量时校正人机界面的功能，或开发用于全身振动暴露估计的分析人体模型或用于座椅和坐垫设计优化。 [外文原描述]： This document describes the range of idealized values of the apparent mass modulus and phase applicable to seated individuals with and without a back support subjected to x- , y- and z ‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration and to standing individuals subjected to z ‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration under specific experimental conditions. Additionally, this document describes the range of idealized values of seat-to-head transmissibility modulus and phase applicable to seated individuals without a back support subjected to z ‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration. The ranges of idealized values defined in this document are considered to be valid for subjects on a rigid seat (or standing on a rigid platform for z -axis only), with feet supported and vibrated. The range of idealized seat-to-head transmissibility values is considered to be applicable also to the condition with the feet hanging freely. For seated individuals subjected to sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration, the apparent mass values are defined over the frequency range of 0,5 Hz to 10 Hz for the x ‑axis and y ‑axis, and over the frequency range of 0,5 Hz to 20 Hz for the z ‑axis. The frequency and amplitude characteristics of the vibration fall within the range for which most vibration exposure is likely to predominate while driving vehicles such as agricultural tractors, earth-moving machinery and fork-lift trucks. Application to automobiles is not covered by this document in view of the lack of a meaningful database for conditions involving posture and vibration excitation levels most likely associated with car driving. The upper and lower values of modulus and phase defined at each frequency for each of the biodynamic response functions considered represent the range of most probable or idealized values. The middle values represent overall weighted means of the human data and define the target values for general applications. Such applications can involve the development of mechanical analogues for laboratory seat testing, or of functions to correct for the human interface when representing the body as a rigid mass, or the development of analytical human body models to be used for whole-body vibration exposure estimations or for seat and cushion design optimization.