标准摘要
[中文适用范围]: 1.1 本国际标准描述了一种测定扁平或弯曲形状的固体塑料在“厚度方向”吸湿性能的程序。本国际标准还描述了一种测定特定尺寸的塑料试样在受控条件下浸入水中或暴露于潮湿空气中时所吸收水量的程序。对于单相材料,可以通过假设 Fickian 扩散行为来确定“厚度方向”的水分扩散系数,即试样在整个厚度方向上的吸湿性能为常数。该模型适用于均质材料和在玻璃化转变温度以下测试的增强聚合物基复合材料。但是,某些两相基体(如硬化环氧树脂)可能需要多相吸收模型,而本国际标准并未涵盖该模型。1.2 理想情况下,应仅使用暴露在相同条件下的塑料的平衡水分含量来对材料的吸水性能和/或扩散系数进行最佳比较。使用湿度平衡特性来比较材料并不假设单相菲克扩散行为,因此也不限于单相菲克扩散行为。1.3 或者,在受控条件下暴露于浸没或潮湿环境中但任意时间段的规定尺寸的塑料样品的吸水率可用于比较同一材料的不同批次或用于给定材料的质量控制测试。对于这种类型的比较,所有测试样品必须具有相同的尺寸,并且尽可能具有相同的物理属性,例如表面光滑度、内部应力等。但是,在这些条件下不会达到湿度平衡。因此,这种类型的测试结果不能用于比较不同类型塑料的吸水性能。为了获得更可靠的结果,建议同时进行测试。1.4 使用本国际标准中描述的方法获得的结果适用于大多数塑料,但不适用于泡沫塑料、颗粒或粉末,这些塑料可能会显示额外的吸收和毛细管效应。在受控条件下暴露于潮湿环境中规定时间的塑料提供了它们之间的相对比较。确定扩散系数的试验方法可能不适用于所有塑料。浸入沸水中时不能保持形状的塑料不应使用方法 2 进行比较(见 6.4)。 [外文原描述]: ISO 62:2008 describes a procedure for determining the moisture absorption properties in the “through-the-thickness” direction of flat or curved-form solid plastics. It also describes procedures for determining the amount of water absorbed by plastic specimens of defined dimensions, when immersed in water or when subjected to humid air under controlled conditions. The “through-the-thickness” moisture diffusion coefficient can be determined for single-phase material by assuming Fickian diffusion behaviour with constant moisture absorption properties through the thickness of the test specimen. This model is valid for homogeneous materials and for reinforced polymer-matrix composites tested below their glass transition temperature. However, some two-phase matrices such as hardened epoxies may require a multi-phase absorption model which is not covered by this International Standard. The results obtained using the methods described in this International Standard are applicable to most plastics but are not applicable to cellular plastics, granulates or powders, which can show additional absorption and capillary effects. Plastics exposed to moisture under controlled conditions for defined periods of time provide relative comparisons between them.
英文名称Plastics — Determination of water absorption