石油制品 灰分测定

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了石油产品灰分含量的测定方法，例如馏分油和渣油、原油、润滑油、蜡和其他石油产品，其中存在的任何形成灰分的成分通常被认为是不良杂质或污染物。 灰分可能由油溶性或水溶性金属化合物或外来固体（例如污垢和铁锈）产生。 该方法适用于灰分含量在 0.001% (m/m) 至 0.180% (m/m) 范围内的产品，但不适用于含有成灰添加剂（包括某些磷化合物）的产品。 未使用或使用过的含有添加剂的润滑油、用过的发动机曲轴箱油、含铅润滑油或某些非碳氢化合物柴油的分析应使用 ISO 3987 进行测定，其中包括产生更高熔点的硫酸盐灰分的步骤。 注1：就本国际标准而言，术语“%（m/m）”用于表示材料的质量分数。 注 2：对于某些类型的样品，测试结果可能无法定量地说明所有能够形成灰分的金属化合物。 一些未使用的润滑油和馏分燃料油含有低分子量的金属无机添加剂（例如钠、钾），其中金属氧化物可能在低于本国际标准规定的温度下升华。 注：1) ISO 3987:1994，石油产品—润滑油和添加剂—硫酸盐灰分的测定。 [外文原描述]： This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the ash content of petroleum products, such as distillate and residual fuel oils, crude petroleum, lubricating oils, waxes and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming constituents present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants. Ash can result from oil-soluble or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust. The method is applicable to products having ash contents in the range 0,001 % ( m/m ) to 0,180 % ( m/m ), but does not apply to products which contain ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds. The analysis of unused or used lubricating oils containing additives, used engine crankcase oils, lubricating oils containing lead, or certain non-hydrocarbon diesel fuels, should be determined using ISO 39871), which includes a step to produce sulfated ash of higher melting point. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this International Standard, the term "% ( m/m )" is used to represent the mass fraction of a material. NOTE 2 With certain types of samples, the test results may not account quantitatively for all the metal compounds capable of forming an ash. Some unused lubricating oils and distillate fuel oils contain metal inorganic additives of low molecular mass (e.g. sodium, potassium), where the metal oxide may sublime below the temperatures specified in this International Standard.