直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力的计算.第1部分:基本原理、简介和一般影响因素

[中文适用范围]： 本文件介绍了正齿轮和斜齿轮负载能力计算的基本原理、介绍和一般影响因素。 它与 ISO 6336 系列中的其他文件一起提供了一种可以比较不同齿轮设计的方法。 它并不是为了确保组装的驱动齿轮系统的性能。 它不适合一般工程公众使用。 相反，它是供经验丰富的齿轮设计师使用的，他们能够根据类似设计的知识和对所讨论项目的影响的认识，为这些公式中的因素选择合理的值。 ISO 6336 系列中的公式旨在建立一种统一可接受的方法来计算具有直齿或斜齿渐开线齿的圆柱齿轮的负载能力。 方法。 该方法针对以下情况进行了验证： ——正常工作压力角为 15° 至 25°； ——参考螺旋角高达 30°； ——横向重合度从 1.0 到 2.5。 如果超出这个范围，则计算结果需要通过经验来确认。 当存在以下任一条件时，ISO 6336 系列中的公式不适用： ——横向重合度小于 1.0 的齿轮； ——齿尖和齿根圆角之间的干涉； ——牙齿是尖的； ——间隙为零。 ISO 6336 系列中的评级公式不适用于其他类型的轮齿劣化，例如塑性变形、外壳破碎和磨损，并且不适用于可能出现不可预测的齿形损坏的振动条件。 ISO 6336 系列不适用于通过锻造或烧结精加工的齿。 它不适用于接触不良的齿轮。 这些方法中提出的影响因素形成了一种与行业和实验经验相一致的损害风险预测方法。 它们可能并不完全科学准确。 因此，除非特别指出，ISO 6336 系列的一个部分的计算方法不适用于 ISO 6336 系列的另一部分。 ISO 6336 系列中的程序提供了用于计算不同失效模式（例如点蚀、齿根断裂、齿面断裂、划伤和微点蚀）的负载能力的评级公式。 当节线速度低于 1 m/s 时，齿轮负载能力通常受到磨料磨损的限制（有关此类计算的更多信息，请参阅参考文献 [23] 和 [22] 等其他文献）。  [外文原描述]： This document presents the basic principles of, an introduction to, and the general influence factors for the calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears. Together with the other documents in the ISO 6336 series, it provides a method by which different gear designs can be compared. It is not intended to assure the performance of assembled drive gear systems. It is not intended for use by the general engineering public. Instead, it is intended for use by the experienced gear designer who is capable of selecting reasonable values for the factors in these formulae based on the knowledge of similar designs and the awareness of the effects of the items discussed. The formulae in the ISO 6336 series are intended to establish a uniformly acceptable method for calculating the load capacity of cylindrical gears with straight or helical involute teeth. The ISO 6336 series includes procedures based on testing and theoretical studies as referenced by each method. The methods are validated for: — normal working pressure angle from 15° to 25°; — reference helix angle up to 30°; — transverse contact ratio from 1,0 to 2,5. If this scope is exceeded, the calculated results will need to be confirmed by experience. The formulae in the ISO 6336 series are not applicable when any of the following conditions exist: — gears with transverse contact ratios less than 1,0; — interference between tooth tips and root fillets; — teeth are pointed; — backlash is zero. The rating formulae in the ISO 6336 series are not applicable to other types of gear tooth deterioration such as plastic deformation, case crushing and wear, and are not applicable under vibratory conditions where there can be an unpredictable profile breakdown. The ISO 6336 series does not apply to teeth finished by forging or sintering. It is not applicable to gears which have a poor contact pattern. The influence factors presented in these methods form a method to predict the risk of damage that aligns with industry and experimental experience. It is possible that they are not entirely scientifically exact. Therefore, the calculation methods from one part of the ISO 6336 series is not applicable in another part of the ISO 6336 series unless specifically referenced. The procedures in the ISO 6336 series provide rating formulae for the calculation of load capacity with regard to different failure modes such as pitting, tooth root breakage, tooth flank fracture, scuffing and micropitting. At pitch line velocities below 1 m/s the gear load capacity is often limited by abrasive wear (see other literature such as References [23] and [22] for further information on such calculation).