工作系统设计的人类工效学原则

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准建立了人体工程学的基本原则，作为工作系统设计的基本指导，并定义了相关基本术语。它描述了一种综合方法，在设计过程中注意人类、社会和技术和的要求，以平衡的方式进行设计。 使用本国际标准的人员包括高管、管理人员、工人及其代表（如有必要）、以及参与工作系统设计或再设计的专业人士，如人体工程学专家、项目经理和设计师。 工作系统指在各种工作环境中涉及工人和设备的各种情况，包括永久性和临时性工作地点。本国际标准旨在帮助改进工作系统的现有设计或更改。 工作系统涉及工人与设备在其给定空间和环境中的组合及其相互作用，贯穿整个生命周期（从概念到构思、发展、实施、使用、维护和支持直至退役）。 在现有和新情况下应用的系统方法为用户提供了指导。人体工程学原则适用于优化工作条件，以确保人类福祉、安全与健康，并考虑到技术和经济的有效性和效率。 [外文原描述]： ISO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process. Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful. The term "work system" in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the following: - production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line; - transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport; - support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment; - commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a restaurant kitchen; - other areas like health care, teaching and training. The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to decommissioning. The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International Standard in existing and new situations. The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological and economic effectiveness and efficiency. The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.