塑料 硬质塑料穿刺冲击行为的测定 第 2 部分：仪器化冲击测试

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一种使用测量力和挠度的仪器测定硬质塑料（扁平样品）的穿刺冲击性能的试验方法。如果需要以标称恒定撞击速度记录的力-挠度或力-时间图来详细表征冲击行为，则适用本文件。本试验方法适用于厚度在 1 毫米至 4 毫米之间的样品。本方法适用于以下类型的材料： — 硬质热塑性模塑和挤出材料，包括填充、未填充和增强化合物和片材； — 硬质热固性模塑和挤出材料，包括填充和增强化合物、片材和层压板； — 纤维增强热固性和热塑性复合材料，包含单向或多向增强材料，如垫子、织物、编织粗纱、短切原丝、组合和混合增强材料、粗纱、磨碎纤维和由预浸渍材料制成的片材（预浸料）。该方法还适用于由成品、层压板和挤压或铸造板模制或加工而成的样品。只有样品的制备条件、尺寸和表面以及测试条件相同时，测试结果才具有可比性。特别是，不同厚度样品的测定结果不能相互比较（见附件 E）。通过对不同材料变量（如结晶度和水分含量）的冲击速度和温度进行测定，可以全面评估对冲击应力的反应。无法直接从该测试中预测成品的冲击行为，但可以从成品中取出样品（见上文）用此方法进行测试。通过此方法获得的测试数据不用于设计计算。但是，可以通过在不同温度和冲击速度下进行测试（见附件 D）、改变厚度（见附件 E）以及测试在不同条件下制备的样品来获得有关材料典型行为的信息。本文的目的不是对力-挠度图上每个特定点发生的机制进行解释。这些解释是科学研究的任务。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour. The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm. The method is suitable for use with the following types of material: — rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced compounds and sheets; — rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, sheets and laminates; — fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs). The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet. The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E ). Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content. The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method. Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However, information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures and impact velocities (see Annex D ) by varying the thickness (see Annex E ) and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions. It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.