核能

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了在 ISO 6980 参考β粒子辐射场中测量组织等效平板模型吸收剂量率的方法。这些参考辐射所涵盖的β粒子发射同位素的能量范围为 0.22 MeV 至 3.6 MeV 最大β能量，对应于 0.07 MeV 至 1.2 MeV 平均β能量。此范围之外的辐射能量不在本文件的讨论范围内。虽然详细介绍了以外推室作为主要标准的参考几何结构（组织等效平板模型中深度为 0.07 毫米或垂直入射时为 3 毫米）中的测量，但也描述了其他测量系统的使用和其他几何结构中的测量，尽管不太详细。然而，如 ICRU 56[5] 所述，强穿透辐射用于区域监测的环境剂量当量 H*(10) 和用于个人监测的个人剂量当量 Hp(10) 都不是任何 beta 辐射的合适量，即使是穿透 10 毫米组织的辐射 (Emax > 2 MeV)。本文件适用于希望建立 beta 粒子主要剂量测定能力的组织，并可作为使用外推室进行剂量测定的指南，该外推室是其他领域 beta 粒子剂量测定的主要标准。还提供了有关测量不确定度声明的指导。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies methods for the measurement of the absorbed-dose rate in a tissue-equivalent slab phantom in the ISO 6980 reference beta-particle radiation fields. The energy range of the beta-particle-emitting isotopes covered by these reference radiations is 0,22 MeV to 3,6 MeV maximum beta energy corresponding to 0,07 MeV to 1,2 MeV mean beta energy. Radiation energies outside this range are beyond the scope of this document. While measurements in a reference geometry (depth of 0,07 mm or 3 mm at perpendicular incidence in a tissue‑equivalent slab phantom) with an extrapolation chamber used as primary standard are dealt with in detail, the use of other measurement systems and measurements in other geometries are also described, although in less detail. However, as noted in ICRU 56, the ambient dose equivalent, H *(10), used for area monitoring, and the personal dose equivalent, H p (10), as used for individual monitoring, of strongly penetrating radiation, are not appropriate quantities for any beta radiation, even that which penetrates 10 mm of tissue ( E max > 2 MeV). This document is intended for those organizations wishing to establish primary dosimetry capabilities for beta particles and serves as a guide to the performance of dosimetry with an extrapolation chamber used as primary standard for beta‑particle dosimetry in other fields. Guidance is also provided on the statement of measurement uncertainties.