水质 色度的检验和测定

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了四种不同的方法（A 至 D），用于检验颜色。以前在水处理厂、湖沼学调查等中评估水色最常用的方法是基于六氯合铂酸盐标度（参考文献 [1]）。方法 C 和 D 与这种传统程序协调一致（参考文献 [2][3]）。方法 A 涉及通过肉眼观察瓶中的水样来检查表观颜色。这仅提供初步信息，例如用于野外工作。只能报告表观颜色。方法 B 涉及使用光学仪器测定水样的真色，适用于原水、饮用水和色度低的工业水。包含一个关于干扰的条款。方法 C 涉及使用光学仪器测定水样的真色，并与波长为 410 nm 的六氯合铂酸盐浓度进行比较。包含一个关于干扰的条款。方法 D 涉及通过与六氯合铂酸盐标准溶液进行目视比较来测定颜色，可应用于原水和饮用水。包含一个关于干扰的条款。如果样品的颜色色调与匹配溶液的色调不同，则方法 A 和 B 是合适的。注 1：在某些情况下，强色水样在检验或测定前需要稀释。然而，这可能会改变物理化学条件，导致颜色变化。注 2：本国际标准规定的所有方法的内部质量控制程序见附录 A。精密度数据见附录 B。在陈述结果时，也记录所使用的程序（方法 A 至 D）。 [外文原描述]： ISO 7887:2011 specifies four different methods, designated A to D, for the examination of colour. The previously most employed method for assessment of water colour in water treatment plants, limnological surveys, etc. was based on the hexachloroplatinate scale. Methods C and D are harmonized with this traditional procedure. Method A involves examination of apparent colour by visually observing a water sample in a bottle. This gives only preliminary information, for example for use in field work. Only the apparent colour can be reported. Method B involves determination of the true colour of a water sample using optical apparatus and is applicable to raw and potable water and to industrial water of low colour. A subclause on interferences is included. Method C involves determination of the true colour of a water sample using optical apparatus for comparison with hexachloroplatinate concentration at wavelength, λ = 410 nm. A subclause on interferences is included. Method D involves determination of colour by visual comparison with hexachloroplatinate standard solutions and can be applied to raw and drinking water. A subclause on interferences is included. Methods A and B are appropriate if the colour hue of the sample differs from the hue of the matching solution. When stating the result, the procedure used (methods A to D) is also recorded.