热环境的人体工程学 使用预测热应变的计算来分析确定和解释热应力

[中文适用范围]： 本文件描述了一种模型 [预测热应变 (PHS) 模型]，用于分析和解释普通人在热环境中所经历的热应力（就水分流失和直肠温度而言），并确定了最大允许暴露时间，在此时间内，95% 的暴露人群可以接受生理应变（95% 的暴露人群不超过最大可容忍直肠温度和最大可容忍水分流失）。该预测模型中使用的各种术语，特别是热平衡中使用的各种术语，显示了环境的不同物理参数对普通人所经历的热应力的影响。通过这种方式，本文件可以确定哪些参数或参数组可以更改，以及更改到何种程度，以降低过度生理应变的风险。在目前的形式下，这种评估方法不适用于穿着特殊防护服（例如全反光服、主动冷却和通风服、防渗透工作服）的情况。本文件不预测个人的生理反应，而仅考虑身体健康、适合其所从事工作的普通人。因此，它旨在供人体工程学专家和工业卫生学家等人使用，因为结果可能需要专家解释。ISO 8025 中给出了有关如何以及何时使用此模型的建议。 [外文原描述]： This document describes a model [the predicted heat strain (PHS) model] for the analytical determination and interpretation of the thermal stress (in terms of water loss and rectal temperature) experienced by an average person in a hot environment and determines the maximum allowable exposure times within which the physiological strain is acceptable for 95 % of the exposed population (the maximum tolerable rectal temperature and the maximum tolerable water loss are not exceeded by 95 % of the exposed people). The various terms used in this prediction model and, in particular, in the heat balance, show the influence of the different physical parameters of the environment on the thermal stress experienced by the average person. In this way, this document makes it possible to determine which parameter or group of parameters can be changed, and to what extent, in order to reduce the risk of excessive physiological strain. In its present form, this method of assessment is not applicable to cases where special protective clothing (e.g. fully reflective clothing, active cooling and ventilation, impermeable coveralls) is worn. This document does not predict the physiological response of an individual person, but only considers average persons in good health and fit for the work they perform. It is therefore intended to be used by, among others, ergonomists and industrial hygienists, as the outcomes can require expert interpretations. Recommendations about how and when to use this model are given in ISO 8025.