放射性测量——γ射线和β发射放射性核素——评估表面材料去污难易程度的试验方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件适用于可能被放射性物质污染的表面测试。去污容易程度是表面特性，也是核工业、中间存储或处置设施选择表面材料的重要标准，可以从这些表面快速去除而不会损坏表面。 本文件中描述的测试是一种基于实验室的方法，用于比较不同表面材料去污的难易程度。 测试结果可以作为一个参数，在选择面漆、瓷等不透水层和其他表面时需要考虑。 本测试中使用的放射性核素为核工业中常见的（137Cs, 134Cs和60Co），以溶液形式存在。 可以根据客户要求采用其他放射性核素和其他化学形式，前提是这些溶液在化学上是稳定的且不对试样造成腐蚀。 本测试方法不测量表面材料在实际使用中的去污容易程度，因为这取决于存在的放射性核素、其化学形态、暴露于污染物的时间以及环境条件等因素。 本测试方法不适合用于放射性化学品的测试，如果该放射性同位素发出低能γ射线或β粒子，这些射线/粒子在表面中会很快被衰减。 [外文原描述]： This document applies to the testing of surfaces that may become contaminated by radioactive materials. The ease of decontamination is a property of a surface and an important criterion for selecting surface materials used in the nuclear industry, interim storage or disposal facilities from which contamination can be removed easily and rapidly without damaging the surface. The test described in this document is a rapid laboratory-based method to compare the ease of decontamination of different surface materials. The results from the test can be one parameter to take into account when selecting surface coatings such as varnish or impervious layers such as ceramics and other surfaces. The radionuclides used in this test are those commonly found in the nuclear industry ( 137 Cs, 134 Cs and 60 Co) in aqueous form. The test can also be adopted for use with other radionuclides and other chemical forms, depending on the customer requirements, if the solutions are chemically stable and do not corrode the test specimen. The test does not measure the ease of decontamination of the surface materials in practical use, as this depends on the radionuclide(s) present, their chemical form, the duration of exposure to the contaminant and the environmental conditions amongst other factors. The test method is not intended to describe general decontamination procedures or to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedures (see ISO 7503-1 to ISO 7503-3). The test method is not suitable for use of radiochemicals if the radionuclide emits low energy gamma rays or beta particles that are readily attenuated in the surface.