太阳能 使用太阳辐射计校准总辐射表

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了使用太阳辐射热计作为参考仪器对总辐射计进行校准的方法。文件中规定了三种方法：a) 交替遮阳和曝晒法。该方法利用遮阳盘交替遮蔽和暴露总辐射计，以与跟踪式太阳辐射热计进行比较。被测总辐射计可以是水平放置、固定倾斜或与太阳辐射热计一同跟踪太阳。b) 持续遮阳和曝晒法。该方法除了使用参考太阳辐射热计外，还使用一个附加的遮阳校准参考总辐射计。被测总辐射计可以是水平放置、固定倾斜或与参考太阳辐射热计一同跟踪太阳，但参考总辐射计必须与被测总辐射计安装在同一平面（通常为水平面）。c) 准直管法。该方法中，被测总辐射计安装在太阳跟踪器上，并配备准直管，使被测总辐射计与参考太阳辐射热计具有相同的几何视场，以便对两者进行直接比较。本文件中规定的方法适用于所有总辐射计的校准，前提是进行了适当的不确定度评估。与光谱平坦的总辐射计不同，非光谱平坦的总辐射计的灵敏度强烈依赖于太阳光谱。因此，校准结果的有效范围可能受到更多限制。校准结果包括仪器灵敏度及其不确定度。本文件还包括对不确定度评估的建议。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies calibration methods for a pyranometer using a pyrheliometer as a reference instrument. Three methods are specified in this document. a) Alternating sun and shade method. This method uses a shading disc to alternately shade and unshade a pyranometer to compare with the tracking pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the pyrheliometer. b) Continuous sun and shade method. In this method, a shaded calibrated reference pyranometer is used in addition to the reference pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the reference pyrheliometer, but the reference pyranometer must be mounted in the same plane as the test pyranometer (most often on the horizontal). c) Collimation tube method. In this method, the test pyranometer is mounted on a solar tracker and is equipped with a collimation tube designed to allow the test pyranometer to have the same geometric view as the reference pyrheliometer for a direct comparison of the two instruments. The methods in this document are applicable for calibration of all pyranometers provided that a proper uncertainty evaluation is performed. Unlike spectrally flat pyranometers, non-spectrally flat pyranometers have a sensitivity that strongly depends on the solar spectrum. Therefore, the calibration result can be valid under a more limited range of conditions. The result of a calibration is the instrument sensitivity accompanied by an uncertainty. This document includes suggestions for uncertainty evaluation.