太阳能 与标准总日射表比对校准工作总日射表

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了使用参考总辐射表校准总辐射表的两种首选方法：室内（A型）和室外（B型）。室内或A型校准使用灯源进行，而室外B型方法使用自然太阳辐射作为光源。室内校准可在法向入射（A1型）下进行，接收面垂直于灯束，或在均匀漫射灯源下使用积分球（A2型）进行。室外校准使用太阳作为光源，总辐射表水平放置（B1型）、倾斜放置（B2型）或法向入射（B3型）。根据规定方法进行的校准将通过世界辐射参考（WRR）可追溯至SI，前提是使用可追溯的参考仪器。本文件适用于大多数类型的总辐射表，无论采用何种技术类型。这些方法已针对符合ISO 9060 A、B和C类要求的总辐射表进行了验证。通常，所有总辐射表都可以使用所述方法进行校准，前提是进行了适当的不确定度评估。与光谱平坦的总辐射表不同，非光谱平坦的总辐射表可能在300至1500 nm的光谱范围内光谱响应随波长变化很大，因此校准结果可能在更有限的条件下有效。校准结果是仪器灵敏度伴随不确定度。本文件在附录中提供了不确定度评估的建议。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies two preferred methods for the calibration of pyranometers using reference pyranometers; indoor (Type A) and outdoor (Type B). Indoor or type A calibration, is performed against a lamp source, while the outdoor method B, employs natural solar radiation as the source. Indoor calibration is performed either at normal incidence (type A1), the receiver surface perpendicular to the beam of the lamp or under exposure to a uniform diffuse lamp source using an integrating sphere (type A2). Outdoor calibration is performed using the sun as a source, with the pyranometer in a horizontal position (type B1), in a tilted position (type B2), or at normal incidence (type B3). Calibrations according to the specified methods will be traceable to SI, through the world radiometric reference (WRR), provided that traceable reference instruments are used. This document is applicable to most types of pyranometers regardless of the type technology employed. The methods have been validated for pyranometers that comply with the requirements for classes A, B and C of ISO 9060 . In general, all pyranometers may be calibrated by using the described methods, provided that a proper uncertainty evaluation is performed. Unlike spectrally flat pyranometers, non-spectrally flat pyranometers might have a spectral response that varies strongly with the wavelength even within the spectral range from 300 to 1 500 nm, and therefore the calibration result may possibly be valid under a more limited range of conditions. The result of a calibration is an instrument sensitivity accompanied by an uncertainty. This document offers suggestions for uncertainty evaluation in the annexes.