信息技术.开放分布式处理.参考模型:体系结构语义

[中文适用范围]： 分布式处理的快速增长导致需要一个用于开放分布式处理 (ODP) 标准化的协调框架。 ODP 的这个参考模型提供了这样一个框架。 它创建了一个架构，其中可以集成对分发、互通、互操作性和可移植性的支持。 开放式分布式处理的基本参考模型 (RM-ODP)（参见 ITU-T 建议书 X.901 至 X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746）基于源自当前分布式处理开发的精确概念，并且到目前为止尽可能使用形式化描述技术来规范架构。 RM-ODP 包括： ——ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1：概述：包含 ODP 的动机性概述，提供关键概念的挖掘、论证和解释，以及 ODP 架构的概述。 这部分不规范。 - ITU-T 建议书。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2：基础：包含（任意）分布式处理系统规范化描述的概念定义、分析框架和符号。 这仅达到足以支持 ITU-T Rec. 的详细程度。 X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 并建立新规范技术的要求。 本部分为规范性内容。 - ITU-T 建议书。 X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3：架构：包含使分布式处理具有开放性所需特征的规范。 这些是 ODP 标准必须遵守的约束。 它使用 ITU-T Rec. 中的描述技术。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2。 本部分为规范性内容。 - ITU-T 建议书。 X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4：架构语义：包含 ITU-T Rec. 中定义的 ODP 建模概念的形式化。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2，第 8 条和第 9 条，以及 ITU-T Rec. 的视点语言的形式化。 X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3。 形式化是通过根据不同标准化形式描述技术的构造解释每个概念来实现的。 本部分为规范性内容。 本建议书的目的 |国际标准是为ODP提供架构语义。 这实质上采取了对 ITU-T Rec. 的基本建模和规范概念的解释的形式。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 和 ITU-T Rec. 的视点语言X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3，使用不同形式规范语言的各种功能。 架构语义是用四种不同的形式规范语言开发的：LOTOS、ESTELLE、SDL 和 Z。 结果是 ODP 架构的形式化。 通过迭代开发和反馈的过程，提高了 ITU-T Rec. 的一致性。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 和 ITU-T 建议书。 X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3。 架构语义提供了额外的好处： ——协助 ODP 系统的形式描述的健全和统一的开发； ——允许对不同形式规范语言中同一标准的形式描述进行统一和一致的比较。 而不是提供 ITU-T Rec. 的所有概念的映射。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2，本建议书|国际标准侧重于最基本的。 通过根据基本 ODP 概念进行定义，可以间接提供更高级别架构概念的语义。 本报告中一些正式规范语言的使用示例可以在 TR 10167（ESTELLE、LOTOS 和 SDL 应用指南）中找到。 在以下各节中，概念按照 ITU-T Rec. 中使用的方案进行编号。 X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2。 此建议|国际标准指定了 ODP 的架构语义。 这是为了： ——提供 ODP 建模概念的形式化； ——协助分布式系统标准的正式描述的健全和统一的发展； ——充当 ODP 建模概念和语义之间的桥梁 [外文原描述]： The rapid growth of distributed processing has lead to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization of Open Distributed Processing (ODP). This Reference Model of ODP provides such a framework. It creates an architecture within which support of distribution, interworking, interoperability and portability can be integrated. The Basic Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP), (see ITU-T Recs. X.901 to X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746), is based on precise concepts derived from current distributed processing developments and, as far as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. The RM-ODP consists of: ? ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1: 2YHUYLHZ:_ Contains a motivational overview of ODP giving scooping, justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of ODP architecture. This part is not normative. ? ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2: )RXQGDWLRQV:_ Contains the definition of the concepts and analytical framework and notation for normalized description of (arbitrary) distributed processing systems. This is only to a level of detail sufficient to support ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 and to establish requirements for new specification techniques. This part is normative. ? ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3: $UFKLWHFWXUH: Contains_ the specification of the required characteristics that qualify distributed processing as open. These are the constraints to which ODP standards must conform. It uses the descriptive techniques from ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. This part is normative. ? ITU-T Rec. X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4: $UFKLWHFWXUDO_6HPDQWLFV:_Contains a formalisation of the ODP modeling concepts defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2, clauses 8 and 9, and a formalisation of the viewpoint languages of ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. The formalisation is achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of the different standardized formal description techniques. This part is normative. The purpose of this Recommendation | International Standard is to provide an architectural semantics for ODP. This essentially takes the form of an interpretation of the basic modeling and specification concepts of ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and viewpoint languages of ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3, using the various features of different formal specification languages. An architectural semantics is developed in four different formal specification languages: LOTOS, ESTELLE, SDL and Z. The result is a formalization of ODP's architecture. Through a process of iterative development and feedback, this has improved the consistency of ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. An architectural semantics provides the additional benefits of: ? assisting the sound and uniform development of formal descriptions of ODP systems; and ? of permitting uniform and consistent comparison of formal descriptions of the same standard in different formal specification languages. Rather than provide a mapping from all the concepts of ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2, this Recommendation | International Standard focuses on the most basic. A semantics for the higher level architectural concepts is provided indirectly through their definition in terms of the basic ODP concepts. Examples of the use of some of the formal specification languages in this report can be found in TR 10167 (Guidelines for the Application of ESTELLE, LOTOS and SDL). In the following clauses, the concepts are numbered in accordance with the scheme used in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. This Recommendation | International Standard specifies an architectural semantics for ODP. This is required to: ? provide formalisation of the ODP modelling concepts; ? assist sound and uniform development of formal descriptions of standards for distributed systems; ? act as a bridge between the ODP modelling concepts and the semantic models of the specification languages: LOTOS, SDL, ESTELLE and Z; ? provide a basis for uniform and consistent comparison between formal descriptions of the same standard in specification languages that are used to develop an architectural semantics. This part is normative.