信息技术.通用数据类型(GPD

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了编程语言和软件接口中经常出现的一组数据类型的命名法和共享语义，称为通用数据类型 (GPD)。它既规定了原始数据类型（即不参考其他数据类型而从头定义），又规定了非原始数据类型（即全部或部分根据其他数据类型定义）。本国际标准中数据类型的规范是“通用的”，因为规定的数据类型是数据类型的类，而编程语言中实际使用的数据类型和其他需要“数据类型”概念的实体是这些数据类型的特定实例。这些数据类型本质上是通用的，因此，它们可用于各种各样的信息处理应用。本国际标准明确区分了三种数据类型概念： — 数据类型的概念或抽象概念，它通过数据类型的名义值和属性来表征数据类型； — 数据类型的结构概念，将数据类型描述为具有特定功能的特定组件数据类型的概念组织；以及 — 数据类型的实现概念，通过定义在给定环境中表示数据类型的规则来描述数据类型。本国际标准定义了许多常用的原始和非原始数据类型的抽象概念，这些数据类型具有原子性的结构概念。本国际标准并未定义所有原子数据类型；它仅定义编程语言和软件接口中常见的原子数据类型。本国际标准为其他非原始数据类型的规范定义了结构概念，并提供了一种方法，通过该方法，可以根据本文定义的 GPD 对未在此处定义的数据类型进行结构定义。本国际标准定义了数据类型实现概念的部分术语，并规定了在数据类型定义中使用此术语。此术语的主要目的是识别与数据类型相关的常见实现概念，并将它们与概念概念区分开来。本国际标准规定了 GPD 与其他语言数据类型之间映射所需的元素。本国际标准并未规定映射的精确形式，而是规定了映射所需的信息内容。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 11404:2007 specifies the nomenclature and shared semantics for a collection of datatypes commonly occurring in programming languages and software interfaces, referred to as the General-Purpose Datatypes (GPD). It specifies both primitive datatypes, in the sense of being defined ab initio without reference to other datatypes, and non-primitive datatypes, in the sense of being wholly or partly defined in terms of other datatypes. The specification of datatypes in ISO/IEC 11404:2007 is "general-purpose" in the sense that the datatypes specified are classes of datatype of which the actual datatypes used in programming languages and other entities requiring the concept "datatype" are particular instances. These datatypes are general in nature; thus, they serve a wide variety of information processing applications. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 expressly distinguishes three notions of datatype: the conceptual, or abstract, notion of a datatype, which characterizes the datatype by its nominal values and properties; the structural notion of a datatype, which characterizes the datatype as a conceptual organization of specific component datatypes with specific functionalities; and the implementation notion of a datatype, which characterizes the datatype by defining the rules for representation of the datatype in a given environment. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 defines the abstract notions of many commonly used primitive and non-primitive datatypes which possess the structural notion of atomicity. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 does not define all atomic datatypes; it defines only those which are common in programming languages and software interfaces. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 defines structural notions for the specification of other non-primitive datatypes, and provides a means by which datatypes not defined herein can be defined structurally in terms of the GPDs defined herein. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 defines a partial terminology for implementation notions of datatypes and provides for the use of this terminology in the definition of datatypes. The primary purpose of this terminology is to identify common implementation notions associated with datatypes and to distinguish them from conceptual notions. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 specifies the required elements of mappings between the GPDs and the datatypes of some other language. ISO/IEC 11404:2007 does not specify the precise form of a mapping, but rather the required information content of a mapping.