信息安全.密钥管理.第3部分:使用非对称技术的机制

[中文适用范围]： 本文件定义了基于不对称密码技术的关键管理机制。本文件具体指定了以下目标：a) 在两个实体 A 和 B 之间建立共享秘密密钥，用于对称密码技术；b) 在两个实体 A 和 B 之间通过密钥传输方式建立共享秘密密钥；c) 使某个实体的公钥可用于其他实体。 本文件不涵盖某些关键管理方面的内容，例如：— 密钥生命周期管理； — 非对称密钥对生成或验证机制；以及 — 密钥存储、存档、删除、销毁等机制。 [外文原描述]： This document defines key management mechanisms based on asymmetric cryptographic techniques. It specifically addresses the use of asymmetric techniques to achieve the following goals. a) Establish a shared secret key for use in a symmetric cryptographic technique between two entities A and B by key agreement. In a secret key agreement mechanism, the secret key is computed as the result of a data exchange between the two entities A and B. Neither of them is able to predetermine the value of the shared secret key. b) Establish a shared secret key for use in a symmetric cryptographic technique between two entities A and B via key transport. In a secret key transport mechanism, the secret key is chosen by one entity A and is transferred to another entity B, suitably protected by asymmetric techniques. c) Make an entity's public key available to other entities via key transport. In a public key transport mechanism, the public key of entity A is transferred to other entities in an authenticated way, but not requiring secrecy. Some of the mechanisms of this document are based on the corresponding authentication mechanisms in ISO/IEC 9798‑3. This document does not cover certain aspects of key management, such as: — key lifecycle management; — mechanisms to generate or validate asymmetric key pairs; and — mechanisms to store, archive, delete, destroy, etc., keys. While this document does not explicitly cover the distribution of an entity's private key (of an asymmetric key pair) from a trusted third party to a requesting entity, the key transport mechanisms described can be used to achieve this. A private key can in all cases be distributed with these mechanisms where an existing, non-compromised key already exists. However, in practice the distribution of private keys is usually a manual process that relies on technological means such as smart cards, etc. This document does not specify the transformations used in the key management mechanisms. NOTE To provide origin authentication for key management messages, it is possible to make provisions for authenticity within the key establishment protocol or to use a public key signature system to sign the key exchange messages.