信息技术 服务质量:框架

[中文适用范围]： 该 QOS 框架是概念及其关系的结构化集合，它描述了 QOS（服务质量），并支持通过通用的描述方式来表达与信息技术 (IT) 中的 QOS 相关的主题的划分及其之间的关系。 。 特别是，该 QOS 框架针对 IT 系统及其在提供开放分布式处理服务中的用途。 该 QOS 框架旨在通过提供适用于各种系统、服务和资源的 QOS 指南，帮助设计和指定 IT 系统以及定义通信服务和协议的人员。 它描述了如何表征 QOS、如何指定 QOS 要求以及如何管理 QOS。 该 QOS 框架定义了 IT 中 QOS 的术语和概念。 它引入了 QOS 特性的概念，它代表了以各种方式进行管理的 QOS 的基本方面；它定义了一些特别重要的 QOS 特征。 这些定义与实际系统中 QOS 的表示或控制方式无关。 该框架描述了如何表达QOS要求，并确定了许多QOS机制（例如三方协商），这些机制可以用作QOS管理功能的组件，以满足各种类型的QOS要求。 它还描述了各种机制组合可能适用的情况。 由于本建议书 | 中定义的 QOS 概念的需要和应用，该 QOS 框架为现有或计划中的标准的扩展和增强规范提供了基础。 国际标准。 这不是本建议书的目的|破坏现有建议稳定性的国际标准 |国际标准；相反，本 QOS 框架的目的是供以下人员使用： · 定义或使用 QOS 机制的新的或修订的 IT 相关标准的开发人员； · IT 用户表达了对 QOS 的要求。 本 QOS 框架并不试图为公共通信网络中 QOS 的性能目标或网络信令规范提供基础。 这些通信服务的 QOS 方面由其他 ITU-T 建议书解决。 本建议书的意图 |国际标准是为服务提供者和服务使用者提供通用的词汇。 本建议中没有任何内容 |国际标准应解释为对服务提供商或服务使用者提出要求。 希望 QOS 的通用方法和词汇能够帮助多个服务提供商向终端系统提供端到端的 QOS。 该QOS框架明确排除了QOS机制的详细规范。 这不是本建议书的目的|国际标准作为实施规范，作为评估实施一致性的基础，或定义特定的服务和协议。 相反，它为 QOS 提供了一个概念和功能框架，使独立的专家团队能够高效地开发建议 |国际标准。 当应用于 OSI 时，该 QOS 框架与 OSI 基本参考模型一致，因为它描述了可分配给 OSI 基本参考模型中指定的层的操作和机制。 它的分配与 OSI 管理框架（参见 ITU-T X.700 建议书 | ISO/IEC 7498-4）和系统管理概述（参见 ITU-T X.701 建议书 | ISO/IEC 10040）一致管理实体的职能。 在附件 A 中，该 QOS 框架提出了 OSI 的 QOS 模型，该模型标识了参与 QOS 管理的实体，定义了它们之间的 QOS 相关信息流，并描述了如何使用该信息。 [外文原描述]： This QOS Framework is a structured collection of concepts and their relationships which describes QOS (Quality of Service) and enables the partitioning of, and relationships between, the topics relevant to QOS in Information Technology (IT) to be expressed by a common means of description. In particular, this QOS Framework is directed at IT systems and their use in providing Open Distributed Processing services. This QOS Framework is intended to assist those designing and specifying IT systems, and those defining communications services and protocols, by providing guidance on QOS applicable to systems, services and resources of various kinds. It describes how QOS can be characterized, how QOS requirements can be specified, and how QOS can be managed. This QOS Framework defines terminology and concepts for QOS in IT. It introduces the concept of QOS characteristics, which represent the fundamental aspects of QOS that are to be managed in various ways; and it defines a number of QOS characteristics of particular importance. These definitions are independent of how QOS is represented or controlled in a real system. This Framework describes how QOS requirements can be expressed, and identifies a number of QOS mechanisms (such as three-party negotiation) that can be used as components of QOS management functions to meet QOS requirements of various kinds. It also describes the circumstances in which various combinations of mechanisms may be appropriate. This QOS Framework provides a basis for the specification of extensions and enhancements to existing or planned standards, as a result of the need for, and application of, the QOS concepts defined in this Recommendation | International Standard. It is not the intent of this Recommendation | International Standard to destabilise any existing Recommendations | International Standards; rather, it is intended that this QOS Framework may be used by: · developers of new or revised IT-related standards which define or use QOS mechanisms; and · IT users expressing requirements for QOS. This QOS Framework does not attempt to provide a basis for the specification of performance objectives or network signalling of QOS in public communications networks. The QOS aspects of these communications services are addressed by other ITU-T Recommendations. The intent of this Recommendation | International Standard is to provide a common vocabulary to both service providers and service users. Nothing in this Recommendation | International Standard should be construed as placing requirements on either service providers or service users. It is hoped that a common approach and vocabulary for QOS will assist multiple service providers to deliver end-to-end QOS to end-systems. This QOS Framework specifically excludes the detailed specification of QOS mechanisms. It is not the intent of this Recommendation | International Standard to serve as an implementation specification, to be a basis for appraising the conformance of implementations, or to define particular services and protocols. Rather, it provides a conceptual and functional framework for QOS which allows independent teams of experts to work productively on the development of Recommendations | International Standards. As applied to OSI, this QOS Framework is consistent with the OSI Basic Reference Model in that it describes operations and mechanisms which are assignable to layers as specified in the OSI Basic Reference Model. It is consistent with the OSI Management Framework (see ITU-T Rec. X.700 | ISO/IEC 7498-4) and the Systems Management Overview (see ITU-T Rec. X.701 | ISO/IEC 10040) in its assignment of functions to management entities. In Annex A, this QOS Framework presents a model of QOS for OSI which identifies the entities that participate in the management of QOS, defines the flow of QOS-related information between them and describes how this information is used.