信息技术.CASE工具的评估和选择指南

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准提供了用于评估和选择计算机辅助软件工程（CASE）工具的指导方针，涵盖软件开发生命周期的部分或全部阶段。它确立了用于评估 CASE 工具并从多个候选者中选择最合适的 CASE 工具的过程和活动。这些过程是通用的，组织必须根据组织需求对其进行定制。CASE 工具的评估和选择过程应在组织技术采用过程的更大背景下看待。本国际标准提供以下内容：a) 关于识别组织对 CASE 工具需求的指导；b) 关于将这些需求映射到待评估的 CASE 工具特性的指导；c) 基于定义特性的测量，从多个工具中选择最合适的 CASE 工具的过程。本国际标准的主要用户是打算采用 CASE 工具来支持其软件开发生命周期过程的组织。CASE 工具供应商也可以使用本国际标准来描述其 CASE 工具的特性。本国际标准不适用于：a) 旨在提供数据、控制和呈现集成机制的软件工程框架；b) 可用于软件工程活动的一般工具（例如文字处理器、电子表格），或范围非常狭窄或特定目的的 CASE 工具（例如编译器）；c) 组织内实施 CASE 工具的规划（尽管承认这是一个重要主题）。注：使用本国际标准的用户可以做出最佳可能的 CASE 工具选择，但仍不能保证实施成功。ISO/IEC TR 14471《CASE 工具的采用》解决了这一问题。本国际标准包含一套旨在进行定制的过程、活动和任务。定制过程是选择适用的过程、活动和任务。符合本国际标准定义为执行本国际标准中为评估和选择项目所选的过程、活动和任务。任何将本国际标准作为贸易条件的组织，负责指定构成符合给定应用本国际标准所需的最小过程、活动和任务集。 [外文原描述]： Within systems and software engineering, Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools represent a major part of the supporting technologies used to develop and maintain information technology systems. Their selection must be carried out with careful consideration of both the technical and management requirements. ISO/IEC 14102:2008 defines both a set of processes and a structured set of CASE tool characteristics for use in the technical evaluation and the ultimate selection of a CASE tool. It follows the software product evaluation model defined in ISO/IEC 14598-5:1998. ISO/IEC 14102:2008 adopts the general model of software product quality characteristics and subcharacteristics defined in ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001 and extends these when the software product is a CASE tool; it provides product characteristics unique to CASE tools. This larger set of characteristics is then organized into four groups: characteristics related to life cycle process functionality; characteristics related to CASE tool usage functionality; general quality characteristics; general characteristics not related to quality. This grouping provides a more manageable approach to the overall evaluation and selection process. The technical evaluation can indicate how well a CASE tool meets its user's stated requirements. It can also indicate how well the tool meets its claimed functionality. The objective of the technical evaluation process is to provide quantitative results on which the final selection can be based. Measurement assigns numbers (or other ratings) to attributes of entities; a major activity of evaluation is to obtain these measurements for use in selection. The final selection results should aim to achieve objectivity, repeatability and impartiality. These objectives and the confidence in the outcomes will in part depend on the resources allocated to the overall evaluation and selection process. The user of ISO/IEC 14102:2008 is asked to deal with these issues at an early stage.To be widely acceptable, these CASE tool evaluation and selection processes must be of value to the users of CASE tools, and to the suppliers of CASE to the community at large. The information outlined in ISO/IEC 14102:2008 should lead to more cost effective selections of CASE tools and to a greater uniformity in how CASE tool functions and features are described.