信息技术 国际字符串排序与比较 字符串比较方法及通用可定制排序模板的描述

[中文适用范围]： 本文件定义了一种参考比较方法。该方法适用于两个或多个字符串，以确定它们在排序列表中的排序顺序。该方法可应用于包含ISO/IEC 10646完整字符集的字符串。该方法也适用于该字符集的子集，以产生（经过定制后）对每种文字的一组给定语言有效的排序结果。该方法使用从本文件引用的通用模板表（CTT）或其定制之一派生的排序表。通用模板表的格式使用巴科斯-诺尔范式（BNF）进行描述。该格式在本文件中规范性地使用。本文件还定义了用于定制参考比较方法使用的这些通用模板表的语法元素。此外，它定义了排序表与给定通用模板表（包括定制元素）之间差异（增量）声明的需求。这些通用模板表描述了当前和过去ISO/IEC 10646版本（包括修正案）中编码的所有字符的顺序。它们允许指定完全确定的排序。这些表使得能够指定适应本地排序规则的字符串排序，而无需实现者了解已在通用编码字符集（UCS）中编码的所有不同文字。所有这些通用模板表都有参考名称，这些名称与ISO/IEC 10646通用编码字符集发展的特定阶段或Unicode标准的特定版本相关。这些名称及其与ISO/IEC 10646或Unicode标准字符集的关系由外部引用的文件指定：Unicode技术标准，UTS #10，Unicode排序算法。本文件不：强制规定特定的比较方法；任何给出相同结果的等效方法都是可接受的；强制规定在给定实现中描述或定制表的特定格式；强制规定实现使用的特定符号；强制规定比较时使用的中间键或表的任何特定内部格式。也不强制使用数字键；强制规定上下文相关的排序；强制规定比较前字符串的任何特定准备。注1：比较前对字符串进行准备是典型的，即使本文件未规定（见附录C）。注2：附录D描述了导致本文件的问题及其预期解决方案。 [外文原描述]： This document defines a reference comparison method. This method is applicable to two or more character strings to determine their collating order in a sorted list. The method can be applied to strings containing characters from the full repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646. This method is also applicable to subsets of that repertoire to produce ordering results valid (after tailoring) for a given set of languages for each script. This method uses collation tables derived either from the Common Template Tables (CTT) referenced by this document or from one of their tailoring. The format of the Common Template Table is described using the Backus-Naur Form (BNF). The format is used normatively within this document. This document also defines syntax elements to tailor these Common Template Tables used by the reference comparison method. Furthermore, it defines requirements for a declaration of the differences (delta) between a collation table and a given Common Template Table including the tailoring elements. These Common Template Tables describe an order for all characters encoded in the current and past ISO/IEC 10646 editions, including amendments. They allow for a specification of a fully deterministic ordering. These tables enable the specification of a string ordering adapted to local ordering rules, without requiring an implementer to have knowledge of all the different scripts already encoded in the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS). All these Common Template Tables have reference names which are related to a particular stage of development of the ISO/IEC 10646 Universal coded character set or a particular version of the Unicode Standard. These names and their relationship with ISO/IEC 10646 or the Unicode Standard repertoire are specified by an externally referenced document: Unicode Technical Standard, UTS #10, Unicode Collation Algorithm. This document does not: — mandate a specific comparison method; any equivalent method giving the same results is acceptable; — mandate a specific format for describing or tailoring tables in a given implementation; — mandate specific symbols to be used by implementations; — mandate any specific internal format for intermediate keys used when comparing, nor for the table used. The use of numeric keys is not mandated either; — mandate a context-dependent ordering; — mandate any particular preparation of character strings prior to comparison. NOTE 1 It is typical to do preparation of character strings prior to comparison even if it is not prescribed by this document (see Annex C). NOTE 2 Annex D describes problems that gave way to this document with their anticipated solutions.