信息技术.商业运作综览.第5部分:作为外部约束资源管辖领域的要求的鉴定和参考

[中文适用范围]： 通过场景和场景组件对业务事务进行建模是通过明确规定的规则指定适用的约束来完成的。 开放式edi参考模型确定了两个基本类别的约束，即“内部约束”和“外部约束”（进一步参见附件G）。 ISO/IEC 15944-4 侧重于内部约束，特别注重从经济本体论的角度这样做。 外部约束适用于大多数商业交易。 管辖范围是商业交易外部约束的主要来源。 ISO/IEC 15944 这部分的主要目的是解决业务语义描述技术的特定方面，以便能够支持业务交易建模中的法律要求，即以管辖域的形式作为外部约束的来源。 因此，ISO/IEC 15944 的这一部分解决了法律环境的基本要求（即更原始的要求）（通过司法管辖域表示）对商业交易的要求，并且还集成了信息技术和电信环境的要求。 ISO/IEC 15944 的这一部分包含通过构建“管辖域”来指定外部约束的常见类别的方法和工具。 它遵循 ISO/IEC 15944-1 和 ISO/IEC 15944-2 已采用的方法，通过使用明确规定的规则、模板和形式描述技术 (FDT) 来实现这一点。 同时，管辖域的一组外部约束适合通过场景和场景组件进行建模。 例如，ISO/IEC 15944-1:2002，附件 I，“使用开放式 edi 场景模板的场景描述：“电信运营地图”示例”是管辖域（即美国）的外部约束的场景，提供了一个业务流程框架，该框架提供电信服务提供商所需的企业流程。 适合被建模为情景和情景组件的外部约束的其他示例包括世界海关组织 (WCO) 的客户清关流程、一项或多项国际贸易术语解释通则等。 除了“可移植性”的现有战略方向之外和“互操作性”，ISO/IEC JTC 1 新增的“文化适应性”战略方向也得到了 ISO/IEC 15944 这一部分的支持。 这里，管辖域的外部约束是选择的主要因素。 ISO/IEC 15944 的这一部分还讨论了公共政策的语言和应用。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 is directed at being able to identify and reference laws and regulations impacting eBusiness scenarios and scenario components as external constraints. The primary source of such external constraints is jurisdictional domains. ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 focuses on addressing the simple, i.e. definable, aspects of external constraints for which the source is a jurisdictional domain. A useful characteristic of external constraints is that at the sectoral, national and international levels, etc. focal points and recognized authorities often already exist. The rules and common business practices in many sectoral areas are already known. Use of ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 (and related standards) will facilitate the transformation of these external constraints (business rules) into specified, registered and reusable scenarios and scenario components. The Business Transaction Model, explained in ISO/IEC 15944-1, has two classes of constraints, namely: those which are self-imposed and agreed to as commitments among the parties themselves, i.e. internal constraints; and those which are imposed on the parties to a business transaction based on the nature of the good, service and/or rights exchanged, and the nature of the commitment made among the parties (including ability to make commitments, the location, etc.), i.e. external constraints. The focus of ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 is on external constraints. Jurisdictional domains are the primary source of external constraints. ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 provides the key concepts required for addressing the legal environment in developing the Business Operational View of business transactions and scenarios which involve and are required to support external constraints. It begins with an exploration of the jurisdictional domain as a source of external constraint on the business process, both from the perspective of a Person and as a Public Administration. It then presents key constraints governing ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 through principles and rules. It examines a key element in business transactions, that of the use of language. Jurisdictions can identify and, in some cases, impose the use of language in a business transaction. In this regard, the ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 looks at the relationship of the constraint imposed by a jurisdictional domain on the choice of language used. Public policy constraints are also examined and key requirements for their inclusion in external constraints are identified, especially where they can affect the modelling of Open-edi scenarios and the business transaction components of Persons, data and processes. In particular, there is a set of rules that govern the identification and categories of jurisdictional domains as individual states as well as sets of entities, both regional and international. ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 also focuses on the identification of rules governing the formation and identification of jurisdictional domains. It identifies the more primitive subtypes of jurisdictional domains and includes two approaches for the unambiguous identification of referencing of (subtypes of) jurisdictional domain. ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008 also provides checklists, through the use of templates, to guide the user through the mechanics of determining the source of the external constraint(s) where these are jurisdictional domains and determining the adequacy of the scenario specification as well as those of the scenario components. Annexes provide elaboration on the points raised in the main body.