信息技术.通用语言结构(CLI

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准定义了公共语言基础设施（CLI），其中用多种高级语言编写的应用程序可以在不同的系统环境中执行，而无需重写这些应用程序以考虑这些环境的独特特性。本国际标准由以下部分组成： • 第I部分：概念和架构 - 描述了CLI的整体架构，并提供了通用类型系统（CTS）、虚拟执行系统（VES）和公共语言规范（CLS）的规范性描述。它还提供了元数据的信息性描述。 • 第II部分：元数据定义和语义 - 提供了元数据的规范性描述：其物理布局（作为文件格式）、其逻辑内容（作为一组表及其关系）及其语义（从假设的汇编器ilasm的角度来看）。 • 第III部分：CIL指令集 - 描述了公共中间语言（CIL）指令集。 • 第IV部分：配置文件和库 - 提供了CLI库的概述，以及将其分解为配置文件和库的规范。一个配套文件CLILibrary.xml，被认为是本部分的一部分，但以XML格式分发，提供了CLI库中每个类、值类型和接口的详细信息。 • 第V部分：调试交换格式 - 描述了在CLI生产者和消费者之间交换调试信息的标准方式。 • 第VI部分：附录 - 包含一些用CIL汇编语言（ILAsm）编写的示例程序、关于特定汇编器实现的信息、CIL指令集的机器可读描述（可用于推导此汇编器使用的语法部分以及操作CIL的其他工具）、第IV部分库设计中使用的一组指南和可移植性考虑。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 23271:2012 defines the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) in which applications written in multiple high-level languages can be executed in different system environments without the need to rewrite those applications to take into consideration the unique characteristics of those environments. It consists of six partitions. Partition I describes the overall architecture of the CLI, and provides the normative description of the Common Type System (CTS), the Virtual Execution System (VES), and the Common Language Specification (CLS). It also provides an informative description of the metadata. Partition II provides the normative description of the metadata: its physical layout (as a file format), its logical contents (as a set of tables and their relationships), and its semantics (as seen from a hypothetical assembler, ILAsm). Partition III describes the Common Intermediate Language (CIL) instruction set. Partition IV provides an overview of the CLI Libraries, and a specification of their factoring into Profiles and Libraries. A companion file, CLILibrary.xml, considered to be part of this partition, but distributed in XML format, provides details of each class, value type, and interface in the CLI Libraries. Partition V describes a standard way to interchange debugging information between CLI producers and consumers. Partition VI contains some sample programs written in CIL Assembly Language (ILAsm), information about a particular implementation of an assembler, a machine-readable description of the CIL instruction set which can be used to derive parts of the grammar used by this assembler as well as other tools that manipulate CIL, a set of guidelines used in the design of the libraries of Partition IV, and portability considerations.