软件工程.开发方法学模型

[中文适用范围]： 该国际标准定义了开发方法的软件工程元模型（SEMDM），为软件、业务或系统等基于信息的领域（IBD）的开发方法的定义和扩展建立了正式框架，包括三个主要方面：要遵循的流程、要使用和生成的工作产品以及所涉及的人员和工具。 该元模型可以作为任何 IBD 开发方法和任何相关元模型的定义和扩展的正式基础，并且通常由方法工程师在执行此类定义和扩展任务时使用。 该元模型不依赖也不规定任何特定的 IBD 开发方法，事实上，它足够通用，可以适应任何特定的方法，例如面向对象、面向代理、基于组件的开发等。 [外文原描述]： Development methodologies may be described in the context of an underpinning metamodel, but the precise mechanisms that permit them to be defined in terms of their metamodels are usually difficult to explain and do not cover all needs. For example, it is difficult to devise a practice that allows the definition of properties of the elements that compose the methodology and, at the same time, of the entities (such as work products) created when the methodology is applied. ISO/IEC 24744:2007 introduces the Software Engineering Metamodel for Development Methodologies (SEMDM), a comprehensive metamodel that makes use of a new approach to defining methodologies based on the concept of powertype. The aim of SEMDM is to define methodologies in information-based domains, i.e. areas characterized by their intensive reliance on information management and processing, such as software, business or systems engineering. The SEMDM combines key advantages of other metamodelling approaches with none of their known drawbacks, allowing the seamless integration of process, modelling and people aspects of methodologies. Examples are given where other metamodels are mapped to SEMDM and a brief synopsis of problems is provided. Various methodologies are defined, used, or implied by a growing number of standards, and it is desirable that the concepts used by each methodology be harmonized. A vehicle for harmonization is the SEMDM. Conformance to this metamodel will ensure a consistent approach to defining each methodology with consistent concepts and terminology.