软件工程. 用于开发方法的元模型

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准为信息领域（IBD）的发展方法学定义了一个软件工程元模型（SEMDM），该元模型建立了正式框架，用于定义和扩展信息领域的发展方法学，包括三个方面：遵循的过程、使用的和生成的产品以及涉及的人和工具。此元模型可作为任何信息领域发展方法学及其相关元模型的正式基础，并通常由方法工程师在执行此类定义和扩展任务时使用。该元模型不依赖于也不指定任何特定的信息领域开发方法，并且足够通用，以容纳各种具体的方法，如面向对象、代理导向、基于组件的开发等。 [外文原描述]： Development methodologies may be described in the context of an underpinning metamodel, but the precise mechanisms that permit them to be defined in terms of their metamodels are usually difficult to explain and do not cover all needs. For example, it is difficult to devise a practice that allows the definition of properties of the elements that compose the methodology and, at the same time, of the entities (such as work products) created when the methodology is applied. ISO/IEC 24744:2014 introduces the Software Engineering Metamodel for Development Methodologies (SEMDM), a comprehensive metamodel that makes use of a new approach to defining methodologies based on the concept of powertype. The aim of SEMDM is to define methodologies in information-based domains, i.e. areas characterized by their intensive reliance on information management and processing, such as software, business or systems engineering. The SEMDM combines key advantages of other metamodelling approaches with none of their known drawbacks, allowing the seamless integration of process, modelling and people aspects of methodologies. Examples are given where other metamodels are mapped to SEMDM and a brief synopsis of problems is provided. Various methodologies are defined, used, or implied by a growing number of standards, and it is desirable that the concepts used by each methodology be harmonized. A vehicle for harmonization is the SEMDM. Conformance to this metamodel will ensure a consistent approach to defining each methodology with consistent concepts and terminology.