系统和软件工程

[中文适用范围]： 本文件定义了一个产品质量模型，适用于 ICT（信息和通信技术）产品和软件产品。产品质量模型由九个与产品质量属性相关的特性（进一步细分为子特性）组成。特性和子特性为需要指定、测量和评估的产品质量提供了参考模型。注 1 在本文件中，产品是指作为信息系统一部分的 ICT 产品。ICT 产品组件包括子系统、软件、固件、硬件、数据、通信基础设施以及作为 ICT 产品一部分的其他元素。该模型可供多个利益相关者（包括开发人员、采购方、质量保证和控制人员以及独立评估人员）在整个生命周期内用于目标产品的质量需求规范和评估。产品生命周期中可从使用该模型中受益的活动包括：——引出和定义产品和信息系统要求；——验证需求定义的全面性；——确定产品和信息系统设计目标，并设计实现质量所需的过程；——确定产品和信息系统测试目标； — 确定质量控制准则作为质量保证的一部分； — 确定产品和/或信息系统的验收准则； — 建立产品质量特性的测量方法以支持这些活动。 注 2：附录 C 解释了质量模型在测量中的使用。 [外文原描述]： This document defines a product quality model, which is applicable to ICT (information and communication technology) products and software products. The product quality model is composed of nine characteristics (which are further subdivided into subcharacteristics) that relate to quality properties of the products. The characteristics and subcharacteristics provide a reference model for the quality of the products to be specified, measured and evaluated. NOTE 1 In this document, a product refers to an ICT product that is part of an information system. ICT product components include subsystems, software, firmware, hardware, data, communication infrastructure, and other elements that are part of the ICT product. This model can be used for requirements specification and evaluation of the target products’ quality throughout their lifecycle by several stakeholders, including developers, acquirers, quality assurance and control staff and independent evaluators. Activities in the product lifecycle that can benefit from the use of this model include: — eliciting and defining product and information system requirements; — validating the comprehensiveness of requirements definition; — identifying product and information system design objectives, and design necessary process for achieving quality; — identifying product and information system testing objectives; — identifying quality control criteria as the part of quality assurance; — identifying acceptance criteria for a product and/or an information system; — establishing measures of product quality characteristics in support of these activities. NOTE 2 Usage of the quality model for measurement is explained in Annex C.