系统和软件工程.系统和软件质量要求和评估（SQuaRE）.系统和产品质量的测量

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准定义了用于定量评估系统和软件产品质量的质量度量，这些度量基于ISO/IEC 25010中定义的特性和子特性。本标准旨在与ISO/IEC 25010一起使用，并可与其他ISO/IEC 2503n和ISO/IEC 2504n标准结合使用，或根据用户对软件产品或系统质量的一般需求进行更广泛的应用。本国际标准包含以下内容：——每个特性和子特性的一组基本质量度量；——如何应用软件产品和系统质量度量的说明。它包括作为信息性附录的质量度量考虑（见第A部分）、用于定义产品质量或系统质量度量的QME（见第B部分）以及详细解释测量类型（见第C部分）。本国际标准不为措施值分配等级、等级或其他符合程度，因为这些值是基于系统的性质、产品或其一部分以及软件类别、完整性级别和用户需求等因素来定义的。某些属性可能有一个 desirable 的值范围，这并不取决于特定的用户需求，而是取决于通用因素；例如，人的认知因素。所提出的质量度量主要用于在开发生命周期过程期间或之后进行系统和软件产品的质量保证和改进。本国际标准的主要用户是执行以下活动的人：——开发：包括需求分析、设计说明、编码和测试以及接受过程中的生命周期阶段；——质量管理：对计算机系统的软件产品进行系统检查，例如在质量保证、质量控制和质量认证中评估系统或软件产品质量；——供应：与收购方签订合同，提供系统、软件产品或软件服务，例如在资格测试中验证质量；——采购：包括产品选择和验收测试，当从供应商处获取或采购系统、软件产品或软件服务时；——维护：根据测量结果改进软件产品或系统。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 25023:2016 defines quality measures for quantitatively evaluating system and software product quality in terms of characteristics and subcharacteristics defined in ISO/IEC 25010 and is intended to be used together with ISO/IEC 25010. It can be used in conjunction with the ISO/IEC 2503n and the ISO/IEC 2504n standards or to more generally meet user needs with regard to software product or system quality. ISO/IEC 25023:2016 contains the following: - a basic set of quality measures for each characteristic and subcharacteristics; - an explanation of how to apply software product and system quality measures. It includes, as informative annexes, considerations for the use of quality measures (Annex A), QMEs used to define product or system quality measures (Annex B), and detailed explanation of measurement types (Annex C). ISO/IEC 25023:2016 does not assign ranges of values of the measures to rated levels or to grades of compliance because these values are defined based on the nature of the system, product or a part of the product, and depending on factors such as category of the software, integrity level, and users' needs. Some attributes could have a desirable range of values, which does not depend on specific user needs but depends on generic factors; for example, human cognitive factors. The proposed quality measures are primarily intended to be used for quality assurance and improvement of system and software products during or post the development life cycle process. The main users of ISO/IEC 25023:2016 are people carrying out quality requirement specification and evaluation activities as part of the following: - development: including requirements analysis, design specification, coding and testing through acceptance during the life cycle process; - quality management: systematic examination of the software product or computer system, for example, when evaluating system or software product quality as part of quality assurance, quality control and quality certification; - supply: a contract with the acquirer for the supply of a system, software product or software service under the terms of a contract, for example, when validating quality at qualification test; - acquisition: including product selection and acceptance testing, when acquiring or procuring a system, software product or software service from a supplier; - maintenance: improvement of the software product or system based on quality measurement.