信息技术.可移植操作系统接口(POSIX).第1部分:基本定义

[中文适用范围]： IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 定义了标准操作系统接口和环境，包括命令解释器（或“shell”）以及支持源代码级别应用程序可移植性的通用实用程序。 它旨在供应用程序开发人员和系统实现人员使用。 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 包含四个主要部分（每个部分都在相关卷中）： 1. IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 所有卷通用的通用术语、概念和接口，包括实用程序约定和 C 语言头定义，均包含在IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 的基本定义卷。 11 2. 系统服务函数和子例程的定义、C 编程语言的特定语言系统服务、函数问题（包括可移植性、错误处理和错误恢复）均包含在 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 的系统接口卷中。 3. 命令解释服务的标准源代码级接口（“shell”）和应用程序的通用实用程序的定义包含在 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 的 Shell 和实用程序卷中。 4. 不适合文档结构其余部分的扩展基本原理，包含有关 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 内容的历史信息以及标准开发人员为何包含或放弃功能的原因，包含在基本原理（信息）卷中IEEE 标准 1003.1-2001。 以下领域不属于 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 的范围： ?图形接口？数据库管理系统接口 ?记录 I/O 注意事项 ?对象或二进制代码的可移植性？系统配置和资源可用性 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 描述了对应用程序开发人员重要的外部特性和设施，而不是用于实现这些功能的内部构建技术。 特别强调各种商业应用所需的功能和设施。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or "shell"), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003 is a minor revision and, together with ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003, ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003, cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9945-1:2002, ISO/IEC 9945-2:2002, ISO/IEC 9945-3:2002 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2002. ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 is the single common revision to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (IEEE Std 1003.1-1996), ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993 (IEEE Std 1003.2-1992), and the Base Specifications of The Open Group Single UNIX® Specification, Version 2. ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 is intended to be used by both applications developers and system implementors and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume). General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003, including utility conventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume (ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003). Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume (ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003). Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a "shell") and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume (ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003). Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, containing historical information concerning the contents of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 and why features were included or discarded by the standard developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume (ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003). The following areas are outside the scope of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003: Graphics interfacesDatabase management system interfacesRecord I/O considerationsObject or binary code portabilitySystem configuration and resource availability ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to applications developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.