信息技术.可移植操作系统接口(POSIX).第4部分:基本原理

[中文适用范围]： IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 是 POSIX 标准系列之一。 该标准系列涉及许多主题； IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 称为 POSIX.1，由操作系统接口以及 shell 和实用程序组成。 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 在技术上与 The Open Group 基本规范第 6 版相同，后者包含单一 UNIX 规范第 3 版的核心卷。 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 POSIX.1 的范围和 ISO C 标准 FIPS 要求此开发的（解释）目标是对重叠的 POSIX.1 和 POSIX.2 标准以及单一 UNIX 规范版本 2 产生单一通用修订版。 因此，修订版的范围包括原始文档的范围合并了。 由于该修订版包括合并单一 UNIX 规范的基本卷，因此许多以前未“采用”到 POSIX.1 和 POSIX.2 早期修订版中的功能现在已包含在 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 中。 在大多数情况下，这些添加内容是 XSI 扩展的一部分；在其他情况下，标准开发人员决定现在是将这些迁移到基本标准的时候了。 单一 UNIX 规范编程环境提供了基础广泛的功能接口集，以支持现有 UNIX 应用程序的移植和新应用程序的开发。 该环境还支持一组丰富的应用程序开发工具。 现有 POSIX.1 和 POSIX.2 标准中的大部分过时材料以及 The Open Group 基本规范中标记为 LEGACY 的材料已在此修订版中删除。 遗留选项组增加了新成员，反映出对需求的理解取得了进展。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or "shell"), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003 is a minor revision and, together with ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003, ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003, cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9945-1:2002, ISO/IEC 9945-2:2002, ISO/IEC 9945-3:2002 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2002. ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 is the single common revision to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (IEEE Std 1003.1-1996), ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993 (IEEE Std 1003.2-1992), and the Base Specifications of The Open Group Single UNIX® Specification, Version 2. ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 is intended to be used by both applications developers and system implementors and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume). General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003, including utility conventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume (ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003). Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume (ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003). Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a "shell") and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume (ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003). Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, containing historical information concerning the contents of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 and why features were included or discarded by the standard developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume (ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003). The following areas are outside the scope of ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003: Graphics interfacesDatabase management system interfacesRecord I/O considerationsObject or binary code portabilitySystem configuration and resource availability ISO/IEC 9945 (parts 1 to 4):2003 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to applications developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.