系统工程和软件工程 软件生命周期过程

[中文适用范围]： 本文件建立了软件生命周期过程的通用框架。其术语可在整个软件行业中引用和应用。它包含可在软件系统、产品或服务的获取过程中，以及在软件产品和服务的供应、开发、运行、维护和处置过程中应用的过程、活动和任务。这是通过利益相关者的参与来实现的，目标是实现客户满意度。本文件包括为软件系统和提供服务提供背景所需的系统定义方面。本文件还提供了可在组织或项目中用于定义、控制和改进软件生命周期过程的过程。 本文件适用于一次性软件系统、广泛商业或公共分发的软件系统以及定制、可适应的软件系统。软件包括固件的软件部分。它适用于完整的独立软件系统，也适用于嵌入并集成到更大、更复杂、更完整的系统之系统（SoS）中的软件系统。本文件的过程、活动和任务也可应用于包含软件的系统的获取过程。 本文件适用于软件系统、产品和服务的完整生命周期，包括概念、开发、运行、支持和退役，以及它们的获取和供应，无论是在组织内部还是外部执行。本文件的生命周期过程可以并发、迭代和递归地应用于软件系统，并增量地应用于其元素。 本文件可应用于采用各种正式工程方法的组织和软件项目。它适用于敏捷方法和方法，这些方法最广泛用于软件开发、维持和维护，并且被认为更具成本效益且能更快地交付可用产品。 本文件不识别或要求任何特定的软件生命周期模型、开发方法、方法、建模方法，或为组织或项目选择生命周期模型并将本文件中的过程、活动和任务映射到该模型中的技术。使用工程判断来帮助实现所需的质量水平也不在本文件的范围内。 本文件不详细说明信息项的名称、格式、显式内容和记录介质。ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 确定了生命周期过程信息项（文档）的内容。 [外文原描述]： This document establishes a common framework for software life cycle processes. Its terminology can be referenced and applied across the software industry. It contains processes, activities and tasks that can be applied during the acquisition of a software system, product, or service and during the supply, development, operation, maintenance, and disposal of software products and services. This is accomplished through the involvement of stakeholders, with the goal of achieving customer satisfaction. This document includes those aspects of system definition needed to provide the context for software systems and services. This document also provides processes that can be employed for defining, controlling, and improving software life cycle processes within an organization or a project. This document is applicable to one-of-a-kind software systems, software systems for wide commercial or public distribution, and customised, adaptable software systems. Software includes the software portion of firmware. It applies to a complete stand-alone software system and to software systems that are embedded and integrated into larger more complex and complete systems of systems (SoS). The processes, activities, and tasks of this document can also be applied during the acquisition of a system that contains software. This document applies to the full life cycle of software systems, products, and services, including conception, development, operations, support, and retirement, and to their acquisition and supply, whether performed internally or externally to an organization. The life cycle processes of this document can be applied concurrently, iteratively, and recursively to a software system and incrementally to its elements. This document can be applied in organizations and software projects using a variety of formal engineering approaches. It is applicable for agile approaches and methods, which are most widely used for software development, sustainment, and maintenance, and which are believed to be more affordable and to deliver usable products more quickly. This document does not identify or require any specific software life cycle model, development methodology, method, modelling approach, or techniques for selecting a life cycle model for the organization or project and mapping the processes, activities, and tasks in this document into that model. Using engineering judgment to help achieve the desired level of quality is also outside the scope of this document. This document does not detail information items in terms of name, format, explicit content, and recording media. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 identifies the content for life cycle process information items (documentation).