系统和软件工程 - 用户获取信息和供应商的要求

[中文适用范围]： 本文件旨在支持系统用户的利益，使其获得一致、完整、准确且可使用的关于信息产品的信息。它涵盖了两种标准化方法：a) 过程标准，规定了信息产品应如何获取和提供；b) 信息产品标准，指定了信息的特性和功能要求。根据 ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 和 ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015，获取与提供的活动构成了软件或系统生命周期中的协议过程。用户及相关服务的信息获取与提供是这些过程的专业化。这些信息可以为任何部分的信息管理流程提供，例如：——信息管理；——信息设计和开发；——信息编辑和审查协调；——信息测试，特别是可用性测试；——信息生产与包装；——信息分配与交付；——关于选择和实施信息开发工具和支持系统的建议；以及——信息获取与供应过程的改进。本文件概述了与用户信息获取和提供相关的管理流程。它将协议过程（获取与提供）应用于用户信息，并涉及准备这些信息的要求。这些要求是本文件讨论的信息规范和工作说明书的核心。本文件还涉及收购或提供过程的主要文档输出：建议书请求和提案的文档产品和服务。本文件旨在用于任何类型用户的 acquisitions 或提供，独立于信息开发或管理工具或方法论。本文件可能对以下类型的信息 acquisition 和提供有帮助，但并未涵盖所有方面：——使用动画、视频和声音的多媒体系统；——基于计算机的培训（CBT）包和专门课程材料，主要用于正式培训计划；——描述系统软件内部操作的维护文档；——协作生成的通常称为“Wiki”的文档，通常需要定期整理；以及 —— 用户界面中包含的信息。 [外文原描述]： This document supports the interest of system users in having consistent, complete, accurate, and usable information. It addresses both available approaches to standardization: a) process standards, which specify the way that information products are to be acquired and supplied; and b) information product standards, which specify the characteristics and functional requirements of the information. As defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 and ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, the acquisition and supply activities make up the agreement processes of the software or system life cycle. Acquisition and supply of information for users and related services are specializations of those processes. Such services can be acquired and supplied for any part of the information management process, such as the following: - information management; - information design and development; - information editing and review coordination; - information testing, particularly usability testing; - information production and packaging; - information distribution and delivery; - advice on the selection and implementation of information development tools and supporting systems; and - information development process improvement. This document provides an overview of the information management processes that are relevant to the acquisition and supply of information for users. It applies the Agreement processes (acquisition and supply) to information for users, and addresses the preparation of requirements for this information. These requirements are central to the information for users specification and statement of work discussed in this document. This document also addresses requirements for primary document outputs of the acquisition and supply process: the request for proposal and the proposal for documentation products and services. This document is intended for use in acquiring or supplying any type of information for users and is independent of information development or management tools or methodologies. This document might be helpful for acquiring and supplying the following types of information, although it does not cover all aspects of them: - multimedia systems using animation, video, and sound; - computer-based training (CBT) packages and specialized course materials intended primarily for use in formal training programs; - maintenance documentation describing the internal operation of systems software; - collaboratively generated, often known as "wiki", documentation, which will usually need to be curated periodically; and - information for users incorporated into the user interface. This document is applicable to acquirers and suppliers of information for users, including a variety of specialists: - analysts (e.g., business analysts, human factors engineers) who identify the tasks that the intended users will perform with the system; - managers of the software or system development process or the information management process; - managers of the acquisition process, and those who authorize and approve acquisitions; and - managers and authors involved in proposal preparation. It can also be consulted by those with other roles and interests in the information development process: - information designers and architects who plan the structure, format, and content requirements of information products; - experienced authors and editors who develop the written content for information for users; - graphic designers with expertise in electronic media; - user interface designers and ergonomics experts working together to design the presentation of the information on the screen; - usability testers, information development reviewers, technical contacts; - developers of tools for creating on-screen information for users.