信息技术.便携操作系统接口(POSIX).基本规范.第7期

[中文适用范围]： POSIX.1-2008 定义了一个标准操作系统接口和环境，包括一个命令解释器（或“shell 以及支持源代码级别应用程序可移植性的常用实用程序。POSIX.1-2008 旨在供应用程序开发人员和系统实施人员使用，由四个主要部分组成（每个部分都在一个关联的卷中）： - 通用术语、概念和接口，包括实用程序约定和 C 语言头定义，包含在基础定义卷中。 - 系统服务函数和子程序的定义、C 编程语言的特定语言系统服务、函数问题（包括可移植性、错误处理和错误恢复）包含在系统接口卷中。 - 命令解释服务（“shell 和应用程序常用实用程序的标准源代码级别接口的定义包含在 Shell 和实用程序卷中。 - 不适合放入文档其余结构部分的扩展原理，包含有关 POSIX.1-2008 内容的历史信息以及标准开发者为何包含或丢弃某些功能的信息，包含在原理（信息性）卷中。 以下领域不在 POSIX.1-2008 的范围内： - 图形接口 - 数据库管理系统接口 - 记录 I/O 考虑因素 - 对象或二进制代码可移植性 - 系统配置和资源可用性 POSIX.1-2008 描述了对外部特征和设施的重要性，而不是实现这些功能的内部构造技术。特别强调那些在多种商业应用程序中需要的功能和设施。 [外文原描述]： ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or "shell"), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementers and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume). General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of this standard, including utility conventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume. Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume. Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a "shell") and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume. Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, which contains historical information concerning the contents of ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 and why features were included or discarded by the ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume. The following areas are outside the scope of ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009: graphics interfaces; database management system interfaces; record I/O considerations; object or binary code portability; system configuration and resource availability. ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to application developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.