汽车乘坐振动的测量和演示

[中文适用范围]： 有两种方法可以评估车辆在运行过程中的行驶振动特性。主观评价和客观测量。在乘坐评估期间对驾驶员所经历的乘坐振动的主观评估通常由一组驾驶员和/或乘客执行，他们被指示以预定方式操作或乘坐一组车辆，以便主观地评估乘坐的水平和特性振动。图6A至6C示出了目前使用的主观评价表的示例。主观方法的缺点包括需要仔细的实验设计、需要统计上无偏差的样本、人类对振动的感知的复杂性以及难以比较在不同时间和/或不同人群评估的车辆的定性数据。仅使用定性或描述性术语来描述骑行特征通常不是一件容易的事。因此，有必要和期望开发客观的技术，使游乐工程师和其他人能够在游乐评估期间以定量的方式测量游乐振动。该建议详细介绍了测量所有 7 类和 8 类商用车辆（包括组合车辆和直列卡车）行驶振动的统一方法。将利用安装在驾驶室和座垫上的加速度计在垂直（z 轴）和前/后（x 轴）方向上测量振动。横向（y 轴）的测量是可选的，因为从乘坐评估的角度来看，这些振动在商用车辆中很少显着。介绍了几种当前使用的显示、分析和组合测量的加速度的方法。该建议并未就任何客观乘坐测量与乘坐的主观评估的相关性做出任何陈述，也没有涉及任何限制或为可接受的乘坐建立任何理想值。人们认识到，由于这些措施的复杂性、仪器和分析技术的复杂性等，客观乘坐评估方法存在一些缺点。因此，建议经过技术培训的人员进行客观测试并分析数据。本 SAE 推荐做法规定了测试程序、环境、仪器和方法，用于测量、分析和呈现 7 类和 8 类商用车辆的乘坐者在实际或模拟车辆操作过程中所遭受的与乘坐相关的振动。该建议的目的是提供一定程度的一致性，足以允许对全行业的乘坐测试交流所需的乘坐特征进行描述。还提出了客观乘坐测量，这些测量被认为与主观乘坐评估具有一定程度的相关性。进一步的目的是，本文件的使用最终将导致客观乘坐测量被建立为主观乘坐评估的普遍接受的量化指标。 [外文原描述]： There are two ways to assess the characteristics of ride vibrations of a vehicle during its operation. Subjective evaluation and objective measurement. Subjective assessments of the ride vibrations experienced by drivers during ride evaluations are generally performed by a panel of drivers and/or passengers who are instructed to operate or ride a group of vehicles in a predetermined manner in order to subjectively assess the levels and characteristics of ride vibrations. Figures 6A through 6C show examples of subjective evaluation forms presently in use. The disadvantages of the subjective method include need for careful experimental design, need for statistically unbiased samples, complexity of human perceptions of vibrations, and difficulty in comparing qualitative data of vehicles evaluated at different times and/or by different groups of people. Often ride characterization is not an easy task using only qualitative or descriptive terms. Therefore, it is necessary and desirable to develop objective techniques to enable ride engineers and others to measure ride vibrations during ride assessment in a quantitative manner.This recommendation details a uniform method for the measurement of ride vibrations of all Class 7 and 8 commercial vehicles, including both combination vehicles and straight trucks. Vibrations are to be measured utilizing cab and seat-pad mounted accelerometers in vertical (z axis) and fore/aft (x axis) directions. The measurement in lateral direction (y axis) is optional as these vibrations from a ride assessment standpoint are seldom significant in commercial vehicles. Several currently utilized methods of displaying, analyzing, and combining the measured accelerations are presented.This recommendation does not make any statements concerning how well any of the objective ride measures will correlate to subjective evaluations of ride, nor does it deal with any limits or establish any desirable values for acceptable ride.It is recognized that objective ride evaluation methods have some disadvantages due to the complexities of these measures, sophistication of instrumentation and analysis techniques, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that technically trained personnel conduct the objective tests and analyze the data.Cross Reference: 680091,J1013,J1060_201405