评估错位车辆乘员与展开安全气囊的相互作用的指南

[中文适用范围]： 安全气囊在充气过程中会产生大量动能。结果，在展开的安全气囊和不在位置的乘员之间会产生很大的力。事故数据和实验室测试结果表明，这些力量可能造成头部@颈部@胸部@腹部@和腿部受伤。这表明在设计安全气囊约束系统时应考虑减轻此类力。本文件概述了一套全面的测试指南，可用于调查展开的安全气囊与展开时靠近模块的乘员之间发生的相互作用。给出了研究驾驶员和乘客系统的静态和动态测试。静态测试可用于在比较的基础上对设计进行分类。通过静态分类程序的设计可能会受到适当的动态测试。对于特定的车型@基于先前安全气囊测试经验的工程判断可能不需要进行文件中确定的测试，或者可能表明应该进行不同的测试。第 5 节描述了轻度严重程度和中度严重程度的碰撞脉冲。这些脉冲不是特定于车辆的，而是代表一般的加速时间历史，近似于多种车辆所发生的情况。轻度严重碰撞脉冲接近许多安全气囊展开的阈值，代表高频事故事件。由于小孩子比成人更有可能因预碰撞制动而失去位置@，因此该脉冲可用于儿童测试。由于碰撞前制动对成人的影响要小得多，因此中等严重程度的碰撞脉冲可用于成人测试。可以使用所描述的脉冲或其他车辆特定脉冲。本文档中未指定性能限制。参考文献 2.1.4 2 和 16 给出了与人体潜在伤害相关的假人反应的解释。 [外文原描述]： An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems.This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted.Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5 . These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of vehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used.No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential.Cross Reference: 720442,791029,821165,826040,826045,826047,826048,841656,861882,880400,880718,890756,CFRTrans.49Part,ISO/TC22/SC12/W,ISO/TR10982,ISO/TR12349-1,ISO/TR12349-2,ISO/TR14645,ISO/TR14933,ISO/TR6487,J1733_201811,J211,J2189,NHTSAReportNo.D