汽车燃料电池系统的燃料处理子系统性能测试

[中文适用范围]： 本推荐做法旨在作为设计验证程序，而不是产品鉴定程序。它可用于验证设计规范或供应商声明。提供了燃料电池系统（FCS）的燃料处理器子系统（FPS）性能的测试程序、方法和定义。燃料处理器子系统 (FPS) 包括将输入燃料和氧化剂转化为适用于燃料电池的富氢产物气流所需的所有组件。燃料处理器子系统的性能包括评估系统能量输入和有用输出以确定燃料转换效率以及在适用的情况下的整体热效率。这些性能特征中的每一个都将被确定为小于该值的±2%的不确定性。该方法允许在两种一般情况下评估燃料处理器子系统。在没有确定具体燃料电池系统设计的共同基础上比较具有不同设计（例如催化部分氧化重整、自热重整或蒸汽重整）的燃料处理器。 2.)？在特定燃料电池系统设计的背景下评估特定燃料处理器的性能。本文件适用于运输应用的所有燃料处理器子系统，无论燃料处理器类型、燃料电池类型、电力输出、热输出或系统应用（推进或辅助动力装置（APU））。例如，与质子交换、熔融碳酸盐和固体氧化物燃料电池相关的燃料处理器子系统可能因燃料电池本身的要求而不同。评估燃料处理器子系统和预处理器（如果适用）的性能。可以评估独立的燃料处理器“系统”或者甚至通常集成到燃料电池系统中的燃料处理器子系统的主反应器（例如，自热反应器、部分氧化反应器或蒸汽重整反应器）。燃料处理器与预处理器（如果需要）一起将燃料（汽油或其他液态烃）转化为主要由 H2、CO、CO2、H2O 和 N2（如果使用空气）组成的重整气体。在燃料处理器子系统之后，重整气通常仅含有高于 C1 的痕量含碳组分。 FPS 将在测试设施中进行评估，该测试设施旨在评估独立组件而不是重整器的一部分，例如特定催化剂或特定容器设计。可以使用测试双方共同同意的任何燃料，例如 1) 直馏汽油（EPA Fuel-CARB 再配制汽油 Tier II，硫含量 30 ppm），或 2) 甲醇或 3) 碳氢化合物燃料，例如异辛烷，石脑油、柴油、液化天然气 (LNG) 或 LPG（丙烷）等。这些程序提供了燃料处理器子系统性能的实时评估。包括稳态和瞬态（启动和负载跟踪）性能。提供了进行和报告燃料处理器测试的方法和程序，包括要使用的仪器、测试技术以及计算和报告结果的方法。定义了燃料和氧化剂输入、二次能量输入和净能量输出的边界限制。提供了测量边界处的温度、压力、输入燃料流量和成分、电力和热输出的程序。提供了确定 FPS 性能测量的程序，例如额定负载或任何其他稳态条件下的燃料处理器效率和冷气效率。提供了将测试条件的结果校正为参考条件的方法。 SI 单位在整个推荐实践文件中均使用。 [外文原描述]： This recommended practice is intended to serve as a design verification procedure and not a product qualification procedure. It may be used to verify design specifications or vendor claims. Test procedures, methods and definitions for the performance of the fuel processor subsystem (FPS) of a fuel cell system (FCS) are provided. Fuel processor subsystems (FPS) include all components required in the conversion of input fuel and oxidizer into a hydrogen-rich product gas stream suitable for use in fuel cells. Performance of the fuel processor subsystem includes evaluating system energy inputs and useful outputs to determine fuel conversion efficiency and where applicable the overall thermal effectiveness. Each of these performance characterizations will be determined to an uncertainty of less than ± 2% of the value.The method allows for the evaluation of fuel processor subsystems for two general cases.Compare fuel processors with different designs (e.g., catalytic partial oxidation reforming, autothermal reforming or steam reforming) on a common basis where no specific fuel cell system design has been identified.Assess the performance of a specific fuel processor in the context of a specific fuel cell system design.This document applies to all fuel processor subsystems for transportation applications regardless of fuel processor type, fuel cell type, electrical power output, thermal output, or system application (propulsion or auxiliary power unit (APU)). For example, the fuel processor subsystems associated with proton exchange, molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells can differ due to the requirements of the fuel cells themselves.Performance of the fuel processor subsystem, and preprocessor if applicable, is evaluated. A stand alone fuel processor “system” or even the primary reactor (e.g., autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming reactor) of a fuel processor subsystem that would normally be integrated into a fuel cell system can be evaluated. The fuel processor together with the preprocessor (if required) converts the fuel (gasoline or other liquid hydrocarbon) to a reformate gas consisting largely of H 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2 (if air is used). After the fuel processor subsystem, reformate gas typically contains only trace levels of carbon bearing components higher than C 1 . The FPS would be evaluated in a test facility that is designed to evaluate a stand-alone component rather than a portion of the reformer such as a specific catalyst or a particular vessel design.Any fuel(s) mutually agreed to by the test parties can be used such as 1) straight run gasoline (EPA Fuel-CARB reformulated gasoline Tier II, 30 ppm sulfur), or 2) methanol or 3) hydrocarbon fuel such as iso-octane, naptha, diesel, liquefied natural gas (LNG) or LPG (propane), etc.The procedures provide a point-in-time evaluation of the performance of the fuel processor subsystem. Steady state and transient (start-up and load-following) performance are included. Methods and procedures for conducting and reporting fuel processor testing, including instrumentation to be used, testing techniques, and methods for calculating and reporting results are provided. The boundary limits for fuel and oxidant input, secondary energy input and net energy output are defined. Procedures for measuring temperature, pressure, input fuel flow and composition, electrical power and thermal output at the boundaries are provided.Procedures for determination of the FPS performance measures such as fuel processor efficiency and cold gas efficiency at a rated load or any other steady state condition are provided. Methods to correct results from the test conditions to reference conditions are provided.SI units are used throughout the recommended practice document.Cross Reference: ASMEPTC-50,ASTMD1018,ASTMD1217,ASTMD1266,ASTMD129,ASTMD1298,ASTMD1552,ASTMD240,ASTMD2427,ASTMD3228,ASTMD3231,ASTMD3588-98,ASTMD4057,ASTMD4177-95,ASTMD4809,ASTMD4809-95,ASTMD4814,ASTMD482,ASTMD5453,ASTMD5622,ISO/TC22,J1515,J1515_201109,J1715_201410,J1829_201503,J2574,J2574_201109,J2578_201408,J2615,J2615_201110,J2617,J2617_201108,J312_201902