作为自动驾驶社区学习工具：技术、社会技术和系统性学习

[中文适用范围]： ：本报告回顾了SAE J3016标准（关于道路交通机动车驾驶自动化系统的分类和术语）的十周年发展历程，重点阐述了该标准如何作为一个学习工具，促进驾驶自动化系统的技术、社会技术及系统性学习。报告涵盖了J3016的动机、启动及持续发展的过程，指出该标准在确立通用技术术语方面发挥了初期作用，随后扩展到承认人类在驾驶自动化系统中的角色，并进一步考虑了包括车队运营和远程援助中心在内的更广泛的交通生态系统。报告强调了对驾驶自动化系统技术、社会和社技挑战的多样化见解的持续整合，并探讨了适应混合愿景的困难，最后总结了驾驶自动化面临的挑战和任务。 [外文原描述]： This document describes [motor] vehicle driving automation system s that perform part or all of the dynamic driving task ( DDT ) on a sustained basis. It provides a taxonomy with detailed definitions for six levels of driving automation , ranging from no driving automation (Level 0) to full driving automation (Level 5), in the context of [motor] vehicles (hereafter also referred to as “ vehicle ” or “ vehicles ”) and their operation on roadways:Level 0:No Driving AutomationLevel 1:Driver AssistanceLevel 2:Partial Driving AutomationLevel 3:Conditional Driving AutomationLevel 4:High Driving AutomationLevel 5:Full Driving AutomationThese level definitions, along with additional supporting terms and definitions provided herein, can be used to describe the full range of driving automation features equipped on [motor] vehicles in a functionally consistent and coherent manner. “On-road” refers to publicly accessible roadways (including parking areas and private campuses that permit public access) that collectively serve all road users , including cyclists, pedestrians, and users of vehicles with and without driving automation features .The levels apply to the driving automation feature (s) that are engaged in any given instance of on-road operation of an equipped vehicle . As such, although a given vehicle may be equipped with a driving automation system that is capable of delivering multiple driving automation features that perform at different levels, the level of driving automation exhibited in any given instance is determined by the feature (s) that are engaged.This document also refers to three primary actors in driving: the (human) user , the driving automation system , and other vehicle systems and components. These other vehicle systems and components (or the vehicle in general terms) do not include the driving automation system in this model, even though as a practical matter a driving automation system may actually share hardware and software components with other vehicle systems, such as a processing module(s) or operating code.The levels of driving automation are defined by reference to the specific role played by each of the three primary actors in performance of the DDT and/or DDT fallback . “Role” in this context refers to the expected role of a given primary actor, based on the design of the driving automation system in question and not necessarily to the actual performance of a given primary actor. For example, a driver who fails to monitor the roadway during engagement of a Level 1 adaptive cruise control (ACC) system still has the role of driver , even while s/he is neglecting it.Active safety systems , such as electronic stability control (ESC) and automatic emergency braking (AEB), and certain types of driver assistance systems, such as lane keeping assistance (LKA), are excluded from the scope of this driving automation taxonomy because they do not perform part or all of the DDT on a sustained basis, but rather provide momentary intervention during potentially hazardous situations. Due to the momentary nature of the actions of active safety systems , their intervention does not change or eliminate the role of the driver in performing part or all of the DDT , and thus are not considered to be driving automation , even though they perform automated functions. In addition, systems that inform, alert, or warn the driver about hazards in the driving environment are also outside the scope of this driving automation taxonomy, as they neither automate part or all of the DDT , nor change the driver ’s role in performance of the DDT (see 8.13 ).It should be noted, however, that crash avoidance features , including intervention-type active safety systems , may be included in vehicles equipped with driving automation system s at any level. For automated driving system ( ADS ) features (i.e., Levels 3 to 5) that perform the complete DDT , crash mitigation and avoidance capability is part of ADS functionality (see also 8.13 ).Cross Reference: