车辆安全操作中的驾驶员困倦和疲劳 术语和概念的定义

[中文适用范围]： 本 SAE 信息报告提供了有关驾驶员困倦和疲劳的关键术语的定义和讨论，以及测量困倦和疲劳的基本信息。它还包括有关驾驶员困倦的信息和概念，因为它们与车辆的安全操作有关。驾驶员困倦和疲劳的关键因素包括以下内容：(1) 睡眠质量和数量，(2) 一天中的时间，(3) 清醒时间，(4) 执行任务的时间（由驾驶任务的特征调节），( 5）与任务相关的疲劳（与任务负载不足和过载相关的唤醒水平的变化），以及（6）这些因素的组合。医疗状况、药物、酒精或药物会加剧困倦；然而，本报告中的讨论仅限于疲劳概念。 [外文原描述]： This SAE Information Report provides definitions and discussions of key terms concerning driver drowsiness and fatigue, and basic information on measuring drowsiness and fatigue. It also includes information and concepts for driver drowsiness as they relate to the safe operation of a vehicle. The key driver drowsiness and fatigue causal factors include the following: (1) sleep quality and quantity, (2) time of day, (3) time awake, (4) time on task (modulated by characteristics of the driving task), (5) task-related fatigue (variations of arousal levels related to task underload and overload), and (6) combinations of these factors. Medical conditions, medication, alcohol, or drugs exacerbate drowsiness; however, the discussion in this report is limited to fatigue concepts.This report has two primary outputs: (1) definitions and discussions of key terms concerning driver drowsiness and fatigue, and (2) basic information on measuring drowsiness and fatigue and its effects on the safe operation of a vehicle. These include the physiological and cognitive effects of driver drowsiness and fatigue on driving safety. Examples of effect of driver drowsiness and fatigue on driving safety include those related to vehicle control, operator vigilance (sustained attention), reaction times (object and event detection and response), situational awareness, physiological indicators, subjective assessments, and combinations thereof. For definitions of driving performance measures, refer to SAE J2944. This report applies to all worldwide motor vehicle passenger cars and light trucks, as well as heavy trucks, buses, motorcycles, and mopeds. The intended users of the document are practitioners and researchers in the automotive industry, academia, and other organizations with interest in driver drowsiness and fatigue, driving and driver performance assessment, and road safety.Cross Reference: