道路机动车辆协同驾驶自动化相关术语的分类和定义

[中文适用范围]： 本文档描述了机器对机器（M2M）通信，以实现两个或多个参与实体或由这些实体拥有或控制的通信设备之间的协作。该协作支持或启用在驾驶自动化功能启用的主体车辆上执行动态驾驶任务（DDT）。其他参与者可能包括其他启用了驾驶自动化功能的车辆、共享道路使用者（例如手动操作车辆的驾驶员或携带个人设备的行人或骑自行车的人）或道路运营商（例如维护或操作交通信号或工作区的人）。 协作驾驶自动化（CDA）旨在通过支持多辆车辆在彼此附近移动来提高交通的安全性和流动性，和/或促进道路操作。例如，这是通过共享可用于直接或间接影响一个或多个附近道路使用者的DDT性能的信息来实现的。 协作策略可以通过以满足特定应用需求的方式共享信息来实现。需求可以以性能特征表示，例如延迟、传输模式（例如单向、双向）、范围、隐私和安全性以及信息内容和质量。有几种潜在的技术可以在主体车辆和其他参与者之间传递信息。 本文档侧重于面向应用的功能，并不意味着需要或要求与通信协议或协议栈中的开放系统互连模型层相关的任何特定功能。本文档涉及ADS操作车辆的动态驾驶操作和战术时间尺度，并排除了战略功能，如行程调度和目的地及航点的选择。本信息报告旨在促进协作驾驶自动化的设计和预期开发和验证的沟通和意识。 [外文原描述]： This document describes machine-to-machine (M2M) 2x communication to enable cooperation between two or more traffic participants or CDA devices hosted or controlled by said traffic participants. The cooperation supports or enables performance of the dynamic driving task (DDT) for a subject vehicle equipped with an engaged driving automation system feature and a CDA device. Other participants may include other vehicles with driving automation feature(s) engaged, shared road users (e.g., drivers of conventional vehicles or pedestrians or cyclists carrying compatible personal devices), or compatible road operator devices (e.g., those used by personnel who maintain or operate traffic signals or work zones). Cooperative driving automation (CDA) aims to improve the safety and flow of traffic and/or facilitate road operations by supporting the safer and more efficient movement of multiple vehicles in proximity to one another. This is accomplished, for example, by sharing information that can be used to influence (directly or indirectly) DDT performance by one or more nearby road users. Vehicles and infrastructure elements engaged in cooperative automation may share information, such as state (e.g., vehicle position, signal phase), intent (e.g., planned vehicle trajectory, signal timing), or seek agreement on a plan (e.g., coordinated merge). Cooperation among multiple participants and perspectives in traffic can improve safety, mobility, situational awareness, and operations. However, nothing in this document is intended to suggest that driving automation requires such cooperation in order to be performed safely. Cooperative strategies may be enabled by the sharing of information in a way that meets the needs of a given CDA Feature. The needs may be expressed in terms of performance characteristics, such as latency, information flow, range, privacy and security, and information content and quality. There are several potential technologies for communicating information between a subject vehicle(s) and other traffic participants. When referring to a CDA Feature, the word “feature” here varies from its common English definition. To emphasize this variance and to avoid confusion, “Feature” is capitalized when modified by the adjective “CDA” or “C-ADS.” This document focuses on CDA Feature-oriented functionality and does not imply use of any specific communications protocols. This document addresses the performance of functions and actions in conducting the DDT (refer to the current version of ISO/SAE PAS 22736/SAE J3016) by the ADS. This information report is intended to facilitate communication and awareness for the design and anticipated development and validation of CDA Features.