硬度测试和硬度值转化

[中文适用范围]： 该报告列出了近似的硬度换算值；维氏硬度@布氏硬度@洛氏硬度@洛氏硬度@肖氏硬度的测试方法；以及有关表面处理@样本厚度@弯曲表面的影响@的信息以及表面硬化零件洛氏表面硬度测试的建议。本报告中的表格给出了维氏布氏硬度和硬度值的近似关系以及相应的钢的近似拉伸强度。由于尺寸@质量@成分@和热处理方法的不可避免的影响，不可能给出精确的关系。如果需要更精确的转换@，则应针对每种钢成分@热处理@和零件专门开发。随附的钢硬度值换算表基于对碳钢和合金钢@主要在热处理条件下进行的广泛测试，但已发现对于锻造@退火@下的几乎所有结构合金钢和工具钢都是可靠的正火@和淬火和回火条件@只要它们是均匀的。像高锰钢@18%铬这样的特殊情况？ 8% 镍钢和其他奥氏体钢@和镍基合金@以及冷加工条件下的结构合金钢和工具钢@可能不符合表中所列钢具有相同精度的关系式故意的。这些表格中以粗体显示的所有数字均由美国测试与材料协会@美国金属协会@和SAE根据仔细检查的数据联合编制。常规面型中给出的值取自 1943 年 SAE 手册@ 中出版的《陆军-海军近似硬度拉伸强度关系碳钢和低合金钢》(ANQQ-H-201)，仅作了微小调整。 [外文原描述]： This report lists approximate hardness conversion values; test methods for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Shore Hardness; and information regarding surface preparation, specimen thickness, effect of curved surfaces, and recommendations for Rockwell surface hardness testing for case hardened parts.The tables in this report give the approximate relationship of Vickers Brinell, Rockwell, and Scleroscope hardness values and corresponding approximate tensile strengths of steels. It is impossible to give exact relationships because of the inevitable influence of size, mass, composition, and method of heat treatment. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel composition, heat treatment, and part.The accompanying conversion tables for steel hardness numbers are based on extensive tests on carbon and alloy steels, mostly in the heat treated condition, but have been found to be reliable on practically all constructional alloy steels and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions, provided they are homogeneous. Such special cases as high manganese steel, 18% chromium— 8% nickel steel and other austenitic steels, and nickel base alloys, as well as constructional alloy steels and tool steels in the cold worked condition, may not conform to the relationships given with the same degree of accuracy as the steels for which the tables are intended.All numbers in these tables given in bold face type were prepared jointly by the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Society for Metals, and SAE from carefully checked data. The values given in regular face type were taken from the Army-Navy Approximate Hardness Tensile Strength Relationship of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels (ANQQ-H-201) published in the 1943 SAE Handbook, with only minor adjustments.Cross Reference: AN-QQ-H-201,ASTME10,ASTME18,ASTME92-72