标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： “由于部件和工具的磨损，在世界范围内造成了巨大的经济损失@以及自然资源的浪费。为减少这种损失而付出的任何努力确实是值得的。本 SAE 信息的目的报告旨在介绍磨料磨损的最新知识。因此，本报告@涵盖了磨损@或由磨料颗粒与表面接触引起的机械作用@造成的金属的意外去除。它不涉及金属与金属之间的问题磨损或无磨料润滑剂存在下的磨损。当硬颗粒@如岩石@沙子@或某些硬质金属@的碎片在压力下在表面上滑动或滚动时，就会发生磨料磨损。这种作用往往会在金属上切出凹槽。表面@很像切削工具。对于任何与磨料相关的运动部件来说，磨料磨损都非常重要。与地面接触的工具@，例如犁@耕耘机@刮刀和推土机刀片@旨在在磨料中运行。用于加工矿石的机器（例如破碎机）和用于研磨天然矿物的机器（例如球磨机）也会受到磨粒磨损。许多其他机械部件与磨料的接触可能不是正常情况@但@因为它可能无意中发生@必须予以考虑。硬度的增加通常会增加耐磨性，但也会增加脆性@，这可能会导致工具在岩石土壤中断裂。因此，选择适合各种磨料条件的材料必然是耐磨性和抗脆性断裂性能之间的折衷。本报告介绍了有关磨料磨损问题的基本测试方法和具体解决方案的最新信息。有限的信息反映了目前对这一主题的了解的缺乏。然而@这是一个起点。需要进一步的工作来开发通用设计信息。磨料磨损？通过与表面接触的磨料（硬）颗粒的机械作用从表面去除材料。分类??以下是基于观察条件的磨粒磨损的任意分类(1)： 1 刨削磨损??这种类型的磨粒磨损的结果是从金属表面去除大颗粒。磨损的表面显示出严重的凿痕。高应力磨削磨损？这种类型的磨料磨损发生在磨料逐渐破碎或磨削过程中，磨料最初尺寸较小，并发生在用于磨削磨料的表面上。据信，磨损是由磨料接触点处的集中压应力引起的，并且是由金属表面的延性成分的塑性流动和疲劳以及硬质成分的开裂引起的。在该分类中使用“高应力”一词旨在暗示超出了磨料的抗碎强度。低应力刮擦磨损或侵蚀？这种类型的磨料磨损的结果是金属表面的刮擦，并且刮擦通常很微小。施加在磨料颗粒上的应力不超过磨料的压碎强度。 1. 括号中的数字表示参考文献——参见第 2.1 节@适用出版物。 [外文原描述]： An enormous economic loss, as well as a waste of natural resources, is incurred world-wide as a result of wear of components and tools. Any effort expended in an attempt to reduce this loss is indeed worthwhile. The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to present the current state of knowledge of abrasive wear. This report, therefore, covers wear, or the undesired removal of metal by mechanical action, caused by abrasive particles in contact with the surface. It does not concern metal-to-metal wear or wear in the presence of an abrasive free lubricant.Abrasive wear occurs when hard particles, such as rocks, sand, or fragments of certain hard metals, slide or roll under pressure across a surface. This action tends to cut grooves across the metal surface, much like a cutting tool.Abrasive wear is of considerable importance in any part moving in relation to an abrasive. Tools in contact with the ground, such as plows, cultivators, scraper and bulldozer blades, are intended to operate in abrasives. Machines for processing ores such as crushers and for grinding of natural minerals such as ball mills are also subjected to abrasive wear. Contact with abrasives by many other machinery components may not be a normal circumstance, but, since it may inadvertently occur, must be considered.Increased hardness usually increases wear resistance but also increases brittleness, which can cause fracture of the tool in rocky soils. Thus, the selection of a suitable material for use in a variety of abrasive conditions is necessarily a compromise between wear and brittle fracture resistance.This report presents present day information on the fundamentals, testing methods and specific solutions for abrasive wear problems. The limited information reflects the current lack of knowledge on this subject. However, it is a starting point. Further work is necessary to develop general design information.Cross Reference:
英文名称Abrasive Wear